Yellow-green Grosbeak / Caryothraustes canadensis
Yellow-green Grosbeak
SCI Name:
Protonym: Loxia canadensis Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.304
Taxonomy: Passeriformes / Cardinalidae / Caryothraustes
Taxonomy Code: yeggro1
Type Locality: 'Canada,'' lapsus for ''Cayenne,'' vide Hellmayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 11, p. 46.
Author: Linnaeus
Publish Year: 1766
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
CARYOTHRAUSTES
(Cardinalidae; Ϯ Yellow-green Grosbeak C. canadensis) Gr. καρυον karuon nut; φραυστης thraustēs breaker, crusher < φραυω thrauō to break. Reichenbach's 1850, plate LXXVIII, labelled Passerinae: Pyrrhulinae Coccothraustinae, highlights the stout and powerful bill and the face-pattern of this grosbeak. "Caryothraustes Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 78. Type, by subsequent designation (Sclater and Salvin, 1869, Exotic Ornith., p. 167), "Pitylus" [= Coccothraustes] viridis Vieillot = Loxia canadensis Linnaeus." (Paynter in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 224). In describing Loxia canadensis with "Habitat in Canada" Linnaeus, 1766, or his printer, misquoted Brisson's 1760, "Coccothraustes Cayanensis ... Habitat in Cayana."
Synon. Periporphyrus, Rhodothraupis.
canadensis
Canada (taxa from Hudson Bay or Hudson’s Bay were also given this toponym) < Iroquoian kanata settlement.
● "76. ARDEA. ... canadensis. 3. A. sincipite nudo papilloso, corpore cinereo, alis extus testaceis. Grus fusca canadensis. Edw. av. 133. t. 133. Habitat in America septentrionali." (Linnaeus 1758) (Antigone).
● "41. FALCO. ... canadensis. 4. [F.] cera flava pedibusque lanatis, corpore fusco, cauda alba apice fusco. Aquila cauda alba. Edw. av. I. t. 1. Habitat in Canada. Pectus punctis trigonis adspersum." (Linnaeus 1758). This is the tenth name and first toponym in avian nomenclature (subsp. Aquila chrysaetos).
● "61 ANAS. ... canadensis. 9. A. fusca, capite colloque nigro, gula alba. Anser canadensis. Will. ornith. 276. t. 70. f. 1. & t. 71. f. 3. Raj. av. 130. t. 10. Catesb. car. I. p. 92. t. 92. Edw. av. 151. t. 151. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Branta).
● "91. TETRAO. ... canadensis. 3. T. pedibus hirsutis, rectricibus nigris apice fulvis, lituris duabus albis ad oculos. Urogallus maculatus canadensis. Edw. av. 118. t. 118. mas. & 71. t. 71. femina. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Canachites).
● "113. MUSCICAPA. ... canadensis. 13. M. cinerea, subtus lutea, loris luteis, vertice nigro maculato. Muscicapa canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 2. p. 406. t. 39. f. 4. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Cardellina).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "109. LOXIA. ... canadensis. 29. L. viridi-olivacea, subtus flavo-olivacea, capistro nigro. Coccothraustes canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 229. t. 11. f. 3. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Caryothraustes).
● ex “Quauhtotopotli alter” of Hernandez 1651, “Picus varius canadensis” of Brisson 1760, “Pic du Canada” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 345, fig. 1, “Epeiche du Canada, première espèce” of de Buffon 17770-1783, and “Canada Spotted Woodpecker” of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendrocopos villosus).
● "104. COLUMBA. ... canadensis. 30. C. remigibus primoribus apice flavicantibus, rectricibus subcinereis: extimis albis. Columba: Turtur jamaicensis. Briss. av. 1. p. 118. n. 21. Habitat in Canada. Rostrum fuscum. Pedes rubri." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Ectopistes migratorius).
● "50. CORVUS. ... canadensis. 16. C. fuscus, fronte flavicante, subtus rectricumque apicibus albidus. Garrulus canadensis fuscus. Briss. av. 2. p. 54. t. 4. f. 2. Habitat in Canada. Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (Perisoreus).
● ex "Gros-bec de Canada" of Brisson 1760 (syn. Pinicola enucleator leucura).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "44. LANIUS. ... canadensis. 4. L. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore rufescente, subtus albido. Lanius canadensis. Briss. av. 2. p. 171. t. 18. f. 3. Habitat in Canada. Remiges Rectricesque nigricantes marginibus albis." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sakesphorus).
● ex "Figuier de Canada" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 2 (syn. Setophaga aestiva).
● "114. MOTACILLA. ... canadensis. 42. M. supra cærulea subtus alba, jugulo remigibus rectricibusque nigris. Ficedula canadensis cinerea major. Briss. av. 3. p. 527. t. 27. f. 6. Edw. av. 5. t. 252. f. 1. Habitat in America septentrionali. Remiges primores basi albæ, unde macula alarum. Rectrices 1, 2, 3 basi apiceque albæ; 4, 5 apice albæ." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga caerulescens).
● "114. MOTACILLA. ... canadensis. 27. M. cinerascens, subtus alba, vertice fasciaque abdominali lutea, pectore fusco maculato. Ficedula canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 3. p. 524. t. 27. f. 1. Habitat in Canada. Fascia alarum duplex alba." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga coronata).
● "60. SITTA. ... canadensis. 2. S. superciliis albis. Sitta canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 593. t. 29. f. 4. Habitat in Canada. Affinis multum S. europææ." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sitta).
● ex “Merle de Canada” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Turdus migratorius).
● ex “Moineau du Canada” of Brisson 1760, and d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 223, fig. 2, and “Soulciet” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (?syn. Zonotrichia leucophrys).
SUBSPECIES
Yellow-green Grosbeak (simulans)
SCI Name: Caryothraustes canadensis simulans
simulans
L. simulans, simulantis imitative, imitating < simulare to make like.
● "In the black frontal band this form resembles P. c. frontalis Hellmayr [1895] from N. E. Brazil but differs otherwise" (Nelson 1912) (subsp. Caryothraustes canadensis).
Yellow-green Grosbeak (canadensis)
SCI Name: Caryothraustes canadensis canadensis
canadensis
Canada (taxa from Hudson Bay or Hudson’s Bay were also given this toponym) < Iroquoian kanata settlement.
● "76. ARDEA. ... canadensis. 3. A. sincipite nudo papilloso, corpore cinereo, alis extus testaceis. Grus fusca canadensis. Edw. av. 133. t. 133. Habitat in America septentrionali." (Linnaeus 1758) (Antigone).
● "41. FALCO. ... canadensis. 4. [F.] cera flava pedibusque lanatis, corpore fusco, cauda alba apice fusco. Aquila cauda alba. Edw. av. I. t. 1. Habitat in Canada. Pectus punctis trigonis adspersum." (Linnaeus 1758). This is the tenth name and first toponym in avian nomenclature (subsp. Aquila chrysaetos).
● "61 ANAS. ... canadensis. 9. A. fusca, capite colloque nigro, gula alba. Anser canadensis. Will. ornith. 276. t. 70. f. 1. & t. 71. f. 3. Raj. av. 130. t. 10. Catesb. car. I. p. 92. t. 92. Edw. av. 151. t. 151. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Branta).
● "91. TETRAO. ... canadensis. 3. T. pedibus hirsutis, rectricibus nigris apice fulvis, lituris duabus albis ad oculos. Urogallus maculatus canadensis. Edw. av. 118. t. 118. mas. & 71. t. 71. femina. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1758) (Canachites).
● "113. MUSCICAPA. ... canadensis. 13. M. cinerea, subtus lutea, loris luteis, vertice nigro maculato. Muscicapa canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 2. p. 406. t. 39. f. 4. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Cardellina).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "109. LOXIA. ... canadensis. 29. L. viridi-olivacea, subtus flavo-olivacea, capistro nigro. Coccothraustes canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 229. t. 11. f. 3. Habitat in Canada." (Linnaeus 1766) (Caryothraustes).
● ex “Quauhtotopotli alter” of Hernandez 1651, “Picus varius canadensis” of Brisson 1760, “Pic du Canada” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 345, fig. 1, “Epeiche du Canada, première espèce” of de Buffon 17770-1783, and “Canada Spotted Woodpecker” of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendrocopos villosus).
● "104. COLUMBA. ... canadensis. 30. C. remigibus primoribus apice flavicantibus, rectricibus subcinereis: extimis albis. Columba: Turtur jamaicensis. Briss. av. 1. p. 118. n. 21. Habitat in Canada. Rostrum fuscum. Pedes rubri." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Ectopistes migratorius).
● "50. CORVUS. ... canadensis. 16. C. fuscus, fronte flavicante, subtus rectricumque apicibus albidus. Garrulus canadensis fuscus. Briss. av. 2. p. 54. t. 4. f. 2. Habitat in Canada. Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (Perisoreus).
● ex "Gros-bec de Canada" of Brisson 1760 (syn. Pinicola enucleator leucura).
● Erroneous TL. Canada (= Cayana = Cayenne); "44. LANIUS. ... canadensis. 4. L. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore rufescente, subtus albido. Lanius canadensis. Briss. av. 2. p. 171. t. 18. f. 3. Habitat in Canada. Remiges Rectricesque nigricantes marginibus albis." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sakesphorus).
● ex "Figuier de Canada" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 2 (syn. Setophaga aestiva).
● "114. MOTACILLA. ... canadensis. 42. M. supra cærulea subtus alba, jugulo remigibus rectricibusque nigris. Ficedula canadensis cinerea major. Briss. av. 3. p. 527. t. 27. f. 6. Edw. av. 5. t. 252. f. 1. Habitat in America septentrionali. Remiges primores basi albæ, unde macula alarum. Rectrices 1, 2, 3 basi apiceque albæ; 4, 5 apice albæ." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga caerulescens).
● "114. MOTACILLA. ... canadensis. 27. M. cinerascens, subtus alba, vertice fasciaque abdominali lutea, pectore fusco maculato. Ficedula canadensis cinerea. Briss. av. 3. p. 524. t. 27. f. 1. Habitat in Canada. Fascia alarum duplex alba." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Setophaga coronata).
● "60. SITTA. ... canadensis. 2. S. superciliis albis. Sitta canadensis. Briss. av. 3. p. 593. t. 29. f. 4. Habitat in Canada. Affinis multum S. europææ." (Linnaeus 1766) (Sitta).
● ex “Merle de Canada” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Turdus migratorius).
● ex “Moineau du Canada” of Brisson 1760, and d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 223, fig. 2, and “Soulciet” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (?syn. Zonotrichia leucophrys).
Yellow-green Grosbeak (frontalis)
SCI Name: Caryothraustes canadensis frontalis
frontale / frontalis
L. frontalis fronted, frontal < frontalia or frontale frontlet < frons, frontis forehead, brow (ref. distinctive, contrastingly coloured forehead patch, usually black or red).
● ex “Faucon Huppé” of Levaillant 1798, pl. 28 (syn. Crinifer piscator).
● Front Range, Rocky Mts., Colorado, USA (syn. Otus flammeolus).
● ex “Perruche Ara à Bandeau Rouge” of Levaillant 1801 (Pyrrhura).
Yellow-green Grosbeak (brasiliensis)
SCI Name: Caryothraustes canadensis brasiliensis
brasiliana / brasilianum / brasilianus / brasiliense / brasiliensis
Mod. L. Brasilianus or Brasiliensis Brazilian, from Brazil. ‘Brasil’ was the name given to a dyewood long imported from the East. Pedro Cabral’s expedition in 1500 discovered a strange new tree of similar hue and gave it the same name, brasil or brazil, the name soon attaching itself to the country (e.g. Terra do Brasil,1530).
● "44. PSITTACUS. ... brasiliensis. 30. P. brachyurus viridis, facie rubra, temporibus cæruleis. Psittacus viridis brasiliensis. Edw. av. 161. t. 161. Habitat in Brasilia. Avis viridis flavo contaminata. Rubrum infra flexuram alæ & in exteriore latere rectricum 2. 2; cæruleum in latere exteriore remigum rectricumque primorum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazona). This name is the sixth toponym in avian nomenclature.
● ex “Mareca alia species” of Marcgrave 1648, “Anas brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Maréca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mareca Duck” of Latham 1785 (Amazonetta).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Cayenne) (syn. Attila spadiceus).
● ex “Tette-chèvre tacheté du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Ibijau” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Chordeiles acutipennis).
● ex “Caracara” of Marcgrave 1648 (syn. Circus buffoni).
● ex “Yellow-bellied Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Donacobius atricapilla).
● ex “Noctua Brasiliensibus Cabure dicta” of Ray 1713, “Asio Brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Caburé” or “Caboure” of Willughby 1767, “Hibou du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Eared Owl” of Latham 1781 (Glaucidium).
● ex “Pica brasiliensis” of Seba 1734-1765 (unidentifiable), “Apiaster brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merops rouge et bleu” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Bee-eater” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Haematoderus militaris; ?syn. Merops nubicus (per Cabanis & Heine, 1860, Mus. Heineanum, II, p. 141)).
● ex “Jacana alia species” (= ☼) of Marcgrave 1648, “Aguapecaca” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana armata” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana-péca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana jacana).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Java); ex “Grimpereau violet du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, “Guit-guit noir et violet” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black and Violet Creeper” of Latham 1782 (Leptocoma).
● “Vieillot himself gave up the name M. octosetaceus as misleading, the bird having many more than eight feathers on the occiput” (Salvadori 1895) (syn. Mergus octosetaceus).
● ex “Majaque” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713 (ex “Maiague” of Piso 1658), “Puffinus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Puffin de Brésil” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Petrel” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
● ex “Guiranheemgatu” of Marcgrave 1648 (subsp. Sicalis flaveola).
● ex “Tangara bleu du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (Tangara).
● ex “Héron du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tigrisoma lineatum).
● Brazil and Cayenne; ex “Magoua” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Tinamus major).
●?Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Jamaica); ex “Small yellow and brown Bird” of Sloane 1725, “Icterus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Oriole” of Latham 1782 (unident.)
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)