White-breasted Nuthatch

SCI Name:  Sitta carolinensis
Protonym:  Sitta carolinensis IndexOrn. 1 p.262
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Sittidae / Sitta
Taxonomy Code:  whbnut
Type Locality:  in America, Jamaica; South Carolina (ex Catesby, 1731, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 22) accepted as type locality.
Author:  Latham
Publish Year:  1790
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.

carolinense / carolinensis / caroliniana / carolinianus / carolinus
Carolina, the Carolinas or Carolina Colonies, North America. Ignoring the indigenous populations, this name was given by early European colonists to the vast swathe of North America between the Atlantic and the Mississippi, north of Spanish Florida and south of Virginia. Named after either Charles IX King of France (1550-1574; reigned 1560-1574) whose name was given in 1564 to the ill-fated Fort de la Caroline in French Florida, or after Charles I King of England (1600-1649; reigned 1625-1649) who granted a charter in 1629 to his attorney-general; the foundered charter was regranted in 1663 by Charles II King of England (1630-1685; reigned 1660-1685).
● ex “American Teal” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Anas).
● ex “Goat Sucker of Carolina” of Catesby 1731, “Caprimulgus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Engoulevent de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Short-winged Goatsucker” of Pennant 1785 (Antrostomus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  carolinensis.  8. P. macrourus viridis, capite collo genibusque luteis.  Psittacus carolinensis. Catesb. car. I. p. 11. t. 11.  Habitat in Carolina, Virginia." (Linnaeus 1758) (‡Conuropsis).
● ex “Figuier de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 1, “Olive Warbler” of Pennant 1785, and “Yellow Poll” of Latham 1785 (syn. Dendroica aestiva).
● ex “Cat-Bird” of Catesby 1731 (Dumetella).
● ex “Mauvis de la Caroline” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 556, fig. 2 (Euphagus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  carolinus.  6. P. pileo nuchaque rubris, dorso fasciis nigris, rectricibus mediis albis nigro punctatis.  Picus ventre rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 19. t. 19. f. 2.  Habitat in America septentrionali.  Ani regio rubra punctata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Piscator” of Ray 1711, “Fishing Hawk” of Catesby 1731, “Falco piscator Antillarum et Carolinensis” of Brisson 1763 (ex “Pecheur” of Dutertre 1667-1671), and “Faucon pecheur de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (subsp. Pandion haliaetus).
● ex “Charles-town Pelican” of Latham 1785, and Pennant 1785 (subsp. Pelecanus occidentalis).
● ex “Torchepot de la Caroline” of Brisson 1760 (Sitta).
● ex “Great Wren of Carolina” of Bartram 1791 (syn. Thryothorus ludovicianus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 676 (syn. Tyrannus tyrannus).
● ex “Turtle of Carolina” of Catesby 1731 (subsp. Zenaida macroura).

SUBSPECIES

White-breasted Nuthatch (Eastern)
SCI Name: Sitta carolinensis carolinensis
carolinense / carolinensis / caroliniana / carolinianus / carolinus
Carolina, the Carolinas or Carolina Colonies, North America. Ignoring the indigenous populations, this name was given by early European colonists to the vast swathe of North America between the Atlantic and the Mississippi, north of Spanish Florida and south of Virginia. Named after either Charles IX King of France (1550-1574; reigned 1560-1574) whose name was given in 1564 to the ill-fated Fort de la Caroline in French Florida, or after Charles I King of England (1600-1649; reigned 1625-1649) who granted a charter in 1629 to his attorney-general; the foundered charter was regranted in 1663 by Charles II King of England (1630-1685; reigned 1660-1685).
● ex “American Teal” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Anas).
● ex “Goat Sucker of Carolina” of Catesby 1731, “Caprimulgus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Engoulevent de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Short-winged Goatsucker” of Pennant 1785 (Antrostomus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  carolinensis.  8. P. macrourus viridis, capite collo genibusque luteis.  Psittacus carolinensis. Catesb. car. I. p. 11. t. 11.  Habitat in Carolina, Virginia." (Linnaeus 1758) (‡Conuropsis).
● ex “Figuier de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 1, “Olive Warbler” of Pennant 1785, and “Yellow Poll” of Latham 1785 (syn. Dendroica aestiva).
● ex “Cat-Bird” of Catesby 1731 (Dumetella).
● ex “Mauvis de la Caroline” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 556, fig. 2 (Euphagus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  carolinus.  6. P. pileo nuchaque rubris, dorso fasciis nigris, rectricibus mediis albis nigro punctatis.  Picus ventre rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 19. t. 19. f. 2.  Habitat in America septentrionali.  Ani regio rubra punctata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Piscator” of Ray 1711, “Fishing Hawk” of Catesby 1731, “Falco piscator Antillarum et Carolinensis” of Brisson 1763 (ex “Pecheur” of Dutertre 1667-1671), and “Faucon pecheur de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (subsp. Pandion haliaetus).
● ex “Charles-town Pelican” of Latham 1785, and Pennant 1785 (subsp. Pelecanus occidentalis).
● ex “Torchepot de la Caroline” of Brisson 1760 (Sitta).
● ex “Great Wren of Carolina” of Bartram 1791 (syn. Thryothorus ludovicianus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 676 (syn. Tyrannus tyrannus).
● ex “Turtle of Carolina” of Catesby 1731 (subsp. Zenaida macroura).

White-breasted Nuthatch (Interior West)
SCI Name: Sitta carolinensis [lagunae Group]
SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.

White-breasted Nuthatch (Pacific)
SCI Name: Sitta carolinensis aculeata/alexandrae
SITTA
(Sittidae; Ϯ Eurasian Nuthatch S. europaea) Late Med. L. sitta (Turner 1544) nuthatch  < Gr. σιττη sittē  bird like a woodpecker mentioned by Aristotle, Callimachus, and Hesychius; "55. SITTA.  Rostrum subcultrato-conicum, rectum, porrectum: integerrimum, mandibula superiore obtusiuscula.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Sitta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europaea Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters 1967, XII, 125). Linnaeus's Sitta comprised a single species.
Var. Sitla, Sida.
Synon. Arctositta, Callisitta, Cyanositta,  Dendrophila, Homositta, Leptositta, Melositta, Mesositta, Micrositta, Oenositta, Orthorynchus, Poecilositta, Poliositta, Rupisitta, Sittella.