Western Tanager

SCI Name:  Piranga ludoviciana
Protonym:  Tanagra ludoviciana Am.Orn. 3 p.27 pl.20 fig.1
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Cardinalidae / Piranga
Taxonomy Code:  westan
Type Locality:  prairies of the Missouri, between the Osage and Mandan nations [= about two miles north of Kamiah, Idaho County, Idaho], fide Davis and Stevenson, 1934, Condor, 36, p. 163.
Author:  Wilson, A
Publish Year:  1811
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PIRANGA
(Cardinalidae; Ϯ Summer Tanager P. rubra) Güaraní name Pirangá  red (bird), for a small bird, a finch or a tanager ("Πυρ, fire, (colour of the plumage)" (Ashmolean 1836)) (cf. “Tijepiranga” of Marcgrave 1648, a name for the Troupial Icterus); "N^o 12. Bec du Piranga incarnat, Piranga rubra.  Cet oiseau que les auteurs ont rangé parmi les Tangaras, Tanagra Mississipensis, æstiva, LINN. GM., et d'autres parmi les Moucherolles, Muscicapa rubra, LINN. édit. 12, diffère assez des uns et des autres pour constituer un nouveau genre, dont le caractère principal est d'avoir le bec gros, alongé, droit, déprimé à sa base, convexe dessus et dessous, légèrement entaillé et recourbé à l'extrémité de sa partie supérieure." (Vieillot 1807); "Piranga Vieillot, 1808, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 1 (1807), p. iv. Type, by monotypy, Muscicapa rubra Linnaeus, 1776 = Fringilla rubra Linnaeus, 1758." (Storer in Peters 1970, XIII, 301).
Var. Pyranga , Pynanga.
Synon. Diplochilus, Merula, Phoenisoma.

ludoviciana / ludovicianus
Late L. Ludovicius Louis.  Louisiana (named after Louis XIV King of France (1638-1715: reigned 1643-1715)) was claimed by France and encompassed the drainage of the Mississippi.  It was sold by Napoleon Bonaparte to the USA in 1803, doubling the size of the republic.
● ex “Farlouzanne” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Anthus rubescens).
● ex “Grand Duc de la Louisiane” of Mauduyt de la Varenne 1782-1787 (syn. Bubo virginianus).
● ex “Crabier de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 909, “Crabier roux à tête et queue vertes” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Heron” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (syn. Butorides striata virescens).
● Louis Colville Gray Clarke (1881–1960) British archaeologist, art-collector, naturalist, Curator of Fitzwilliam Mus., Cambridge 1937-1946 (syn. Caprimulgus inornatus).
● ex “Papegai à tête aurore” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Orange-headed Parrot” of Latham 1781 (‡subsp. Conuropsis carolinensis).
● ex “Tyran de la Louisiane” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (syn. Myiarchus crinitus).
● ex "Gros-bec de la Louisiane" of Brisson 1760 (Pheucticus).
● ex “Grèbe de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 943, and “Louisiane Grebe” of Pennant 1785, and of Latham 1785 (syn. Podilymbus podiceps).
● ex “Cassique de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 646, and “White-headed Oriole” (= partial leucistic) of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Quiscalus quiscula).
● ex “Ficedula ludoviciana” of Brisson 1760, “Figuier à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Warbler” of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Setophaga americana).
● ex “Etourneau de la Louisiane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Sturnella magna).
● ex “Roitelet de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 730, fig. 1 (Thryothorus).
● Erroneous TL. Louisiana (= Australia); ex “Vanellus ludovicianus armatus” of Brisson 1760, “Vanneau armé de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 385, “Louisiane Sandpiper” of Latham 1785, and “Armed Sandpiper” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Vanellus miles).