Western Black-headed Oriole / Oriolus brachyrynchus
Western Black-headed Oriole
SCI Name:
Protonym: Oriolus brachyrhynchus BirdsW.Afr. 2 p.35
Taxonomy: Passeriformes / Oriolidae / Oriolus
Taxonomy Code: wbhori1
Type Locality: Sierra Leone.
Author: Swainson
Publish Year: 1837
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
ORIOLUS
(Oriolidae; Ϯ Eurasian Golden Oriole O. oriolus) Med. L. oriolus Golden Oriole; this onomatopoeia echoes the melodic calls of the Eurasian Golden Oriole which are such a distinctive feature of European woodlands in the spring; "52. ORIOLUS. Rostrum conicum, convexum, acutissimum, rectum: mandibula superiore paulo longiore, obsolete emarginata. Lingua bifida, acuta. Pedes ambulatorii." (Linnaeus 1766): based on "Oriolus" and "Chlorion" of Gessner 1555, "Picus nidum suspendens" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, "Galbula" of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, "Turdus luteus" of Frisch 1733-1743, "Coracias Oriolus" of Linnaeus 1746, and "Oriolus luteus" of Linnaeus 1750; "Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 160. Type, by virtual tautonymy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus = Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758. ... Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic name Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, by the suppression of older homonym published by Brisson, 1760. Direction 21, Inter. Comm. Zool. Nomen., 1, Sec. C (C. 12): 161; 178, 1955." (Greenway in Peters 1962, XV, 122). Linnaeus's Oriolus comprised twenty species (O. Galbula, O. chinensis, O. melanocephalus, O. Icterus, O. phoeniceus, O. hæmorrhous, O. persicus, O. mexicanus (No. 8), O. guianensis, O. Baltimore, O. spurius, O. Bonana, O. mexicanus (No. 13), O. dominicensis, O. cayanensis, O. icterocephalus, O. melancholicus, O. capensis, O. aureus, O. chrysocephalus).
Var. Gridus, Oriotus, Orioblus, Eriolus.
Synon. Amimeta, Analcipus, Artamia, Baruffius, Broderipornis, Broderipus, Chloreus, Erythrolanius, Euchlorites, Mimeta, Mimetes, Neomimeta, Philocarpus, Psaropholus, Xanthonotus.
• (Icteridae; syn. Icterus † Venezuelan Troupial I. icterus) "GENUS 28. ORIOLUS Lin. Scopoli Lath. Dum. Icterus Briss. Cuv. La Cép. Xanthornus La Cép. (Gilbvogel Germ. Troupiale, Carouge Gall. Oriole Angl.) ... Species: Oriolus Icterus, Cayanensis Lin." (Illiger 1811); "Oriolus (not of Linnaeus, 1766) Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 214, 1811—type, by subs. desig. (Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 435, 1930), Oriolus icterus Linnaeus." (Hellmayr, 1937, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. X, p. 102).
oriolus
Med. L. oriolus and aureolus golden oriole, from its flute-like call (cf. L. aureolus golden < aurum gold).
● ex “Troupiale” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 532 (syn. Icterus icterus).
● "49. CORACIAS. ... Oriolus. 3. C. flava alis caudaque nigris. Ampelis flava, artibus nigris, rectricibus quinque exterioribus restrorsum flavis. Act. Stockh. 1750. p. 127. t. 3. f. 5. Oriolus. Gesn. av. . . . Galbula. Aldr. orn. 854. t. 857. 858. Galbula benghalensis. Edw. av. 185. t. 185. Picus nidum suspendens. Will. orn. . . t. 36. f. 6. & t. 38. f. 4. Jonst. av. 112. t. 41. f. 8. Raj. av. 68. Flava avis benghalensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 19. t. 20. Habitat in Europa, Asia, migratoria avis." (Linnaeus 1758) (Oriolus).
brachyrynchus
Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.
Brachyrynchus
(Aegithalidae; syn. Aegithalos † Long-tailed Tit A. caudatus) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "BRACHYRYNCHUS CAUDATUS, Brachyrynque à longue queue (Parus caudatus des auteurs ou mésange à longue queue). —Commun dans les bois, vit en troupe, sédentaire. ... J'ai séparé cette espèce, et la suivante du genre parus ou mésange, parce que la forme de leur bec, de leur queue, et surtout leurs mœurs, sont très-différentes. Les brachyrynques ont le bec convexe, presque crochu, tandis que les mésanges l'ont toujours droit ou légèrement incliné. Les brachyrynques construisent artistement leur nid en forme de boule; les mésanges nichent sans aucun apprêt dans des trous d'arbres. BRACHYRYNCHUS BIARMICUS, Brachyrynque moustache (Parus biarmicus auct., ou mésange moustache). — Habite en été les marais des Ardennes" (de Selys-Longchamps 1831) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Brachyrynchus de Selys-Longchamps in Vander Maelen, 1831, Dictionnaire Géographique de la Province de Liége, Appendice, Ornithologie, p. 36. Type, by virtual monotypy, Parus caudatus auct." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Brachyrhynchus.
SUBSPECIES
Western Black-headed Oriole (brachyrynchus)
SCI Name: Oriolus brachyrynchus brachyrynchus
brachyrynchus
Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.
Western Black-headed Oriole (laetior)
SCI Name: Oriolus brachyrynchus laetior
laetior
L. laetior, laetioris more bright < comp. laetus bright, rich.
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)