Turquoise Tanager

SCI Name:  Tangara mexicana
Protonym:  Tanagra mexicana Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.315
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Thraupidae / Tangara
Taxonomy Code:  turtan1
Type Locality:  Cayenne.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

TANGARA
(Thraupidae; Ϯ Paradise Tanager T. chilensis paradisea) Tupí name Tangara  dancer, one who turns and skips, for the manakins but subsequently (Marcgrave 1648) transferred to other bright finch-like birds (cf. Brazilian Portuguese name Dançador; Wayāpi name Tängala; genus Saltator); "Genus Tangaræ (1).  ...  (1) Tangara, nomen Brasilianum, quibusdam hujus generic speciebus inditum.    Le genre du Tangara (1).  ...  (1) Tangara, nom qu'on donne au Brésil à quelques especes de ce genre.  ...  ** 1. LE TANGARA.  Tangara superne splendide nigra, inferne Beryllina; uropygio flammeo; capite superius & ad latera viridi; collo inferiore cœruleo-violaceo; remigibus majoribus exterius cœruleo-violaceis, interius nigris; minoribus & rectricibus splendide nigris. . . . .TANGARA." (Brisson 1760): ex "Tangara Brasiliensibus" of Marcgrave 1648, Jonston 1650-1653, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, and "Avicula de Tatao" of Seba 1735; "Tangara Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, 3, p. 3. Type, by tautonymy, Tangara Brisson = Aglaïa paradisea Swainson." (Storer in Peters 1970, XIII, 359).   
Var. Tanara.   
Synon. Aglaia, Calliste, Calospiza, Chalcothraupis, Chrysothraupis, Diva, Euprepiste, Euschemon, Gyrola, Hypothlypis, Ixothraupis, Poecilostreptus, Procnopis, Stilpnia, Tanagraoides, Tanagrella, Tatao, Thraupis.

mexicana
Mexico (probably named after Mexihtli, another name for Huitzilopochtli the Aztec god of war).
● ex “Acatechichictli” of Ray 1713, “Ligurinus mexicanus” of Brisson 1760, “Acatéchili” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Siskin” of Latham 1783 (?syn. Carduelis tristis).
● ex “Bruant du Méxique” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 386, fig. 1, and “Thérèse jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Haemorhous mexicanus).
● ex “Yohoalcoachitlin” of Ray 1713, “Fulica mexicana” of Brisson 1760, and “Mexican Coot” of Latham 1785 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● Erroneous TL. New Spain (?= New Granada); ex “Avis Ani mexicana cauda longissima” of Seba 1734-1765, “Promerops mexicanus” of Brisson 1760, “Promérops à ailes bleues” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Promerops” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Ptilogonys caudatus).
● Erroneous TL. Upper California, Mexico (= Bahia, Brazil) (syn. Spinus yarrellii).
● Erroneous TL. Mexico (= Cayenne); ex “Touauhtototl” of Hernandez 1651, and Ray 1713, and “Tangara bleu de Cayenne” of Brisson 1760 (Tangara).
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  mexicana.  8. L. rubra, alis nigris.  Avis mexicana rubra passeris species. Seb. mus. I. p. 101. t. 95. f. 1.  Habitat in America australi." (Linnaeus 1758) (unident.; ?Thraupidae).

SUBSPECIES

Turquoise Tanager (Turquoise)
SCI Name: Tangara mexicana [mexicana Group]
TANGARA
(Thraupidae; Ϯ Paradise Tanager T. chilensis paradisea) Tupí name Tangara  dancer, one who turns and skips, for the manakins but subsequently (Marcgrave 1648) transferred to other bright finch-like birds (cf. Brazilian Portuguese name Dançador; Wayāpi name Tängala; genus Saltator); "Genus Tangaræ (1).  ...  (1) Tangara, nomen Brasilianum, quibusdam hujus generic speciebus inditum.    Le genre du Tangara (1).  ...  (1) Tangara, nom qu'on donne au Brésil à quelques especes de ce genre.  ...  ** 1. LE TANGARA.  Tangara superne splendide nigra, inferne Beryllina; uropygio flammeo; capite superius & ad latera viridi; collo inferiore cœruleo-violaceo; remigibus majoribus exterius cœruleo-violaceis, interius nigris; minoribus & rectricibus splendide nigris. . . . .TANGARA." (Brisson 1760): ex "Tangara Brasiliensibus" of Marcgrave 1648, Jonston 1650-1653, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, and "Avicula de Tatao" of Seba 1735; "Tangara Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, 3, p. 3. Type, by tautonymy, Tangara Brisson = Aglaïa paradisea Swainson." (Storer in Peters 1970, XIII, 359).   
Var. Tanara.   
Synon. Aglaia, Calliste, Calospiza, Chalcothraupis, Chrysothraupis, Diva, Euprepiste, Euschemon, Gyrola, Hypothlypis, Ixothraupis, Poecilostreptus, Procnopis, Stilpnia, Tanagraoides, Tanagrella, Tatao, Thraupis.

Turquoise Tanager (White-bellied)
SCI Name: Tangara mexicana brasiliensis
brasiliana / brasilianum / brasilianus / brasiliense / brasiliensis
Mod. L. Brasilianus or Brasiliensis  Brazilian, from Brazil. ‘Brasil’ was the name given to a dyewood long imported from the East. Pedro Cabral’s expedition in 1500 discovered a strange new tree of similar hue and gave it the same name, brasil or brazil, the name soon attaching itself to the country (e.g. Terra do Brasil,1530).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  brasiliensis.  30. P. brachyurus viridis, facie rubra, temporibus cæruleis.  Psittacus viridis brasiliensis. Edw. av. 161. t. 161.  Habitat in Brasilia.  Avis viridis flavo contaminata. Rubrum infra flexuram alæ & in exteriore latere rectricum 2. 2; cæruleum in latere exteriore remigum rectricumque primorum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazona). This name is the sixth toponym in avian nomenclature.
● ex “Mareca alia species” of Marcgrave 1648, “Anas brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Maréca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mareca Duck” of Latham 1785 (Amazonetta).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Cayenne) (syn. Attila spadiceus).
● ex “Tette-chèvre tacheté du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Ibijau” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Chordeiles acutipennis).
● ex “Caracara” of Marcgrave 1648 (syn. Circus buffoni).
● ex “Yellow-bellied Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Donacobius atricapilla).
● ex “Noctua Brasiliensibus Cabure dicta” of Ray 1713, “Asio Brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Caburé” or “Caboure” of Willughby 1767, “Hibou du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Eared Owl” of Latham 1781 (Glaucidium).
● ex “Pica brasiliensis” of Seba 1734-1765 (unidentifiable), “Apiaster brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merops rouge et bleu” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Bee-eater” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Haematoderus militaris; ?syn. Merops nubicus (per Cabanis & Heine, 1860, Mus. Heineanum, II, p. 141)).
● ex “Jacana alia species” (= ☼) of Marcgrave 1648, “Aguapecaca” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana armata” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana-péca” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana jacana).
● Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Java); ex “Grimpereau violet du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, “Guit-guit noir et violet” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black and Violet Creeper” of Latham 1782 (Leptocoma).
● “Vieillot himself gave up the name M. octosetaceus as misleading, the bird having many more than eight feathers on the occiput” (Salvadori 1895) (syn. Mergus octosetaceus).
● ex “Majaque” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713 (ex “Maiague” of Piso 1658), “Puffinus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Puffin de Brésil” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Brasilian Petrel” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
● ex “Guiranheemgatu” of Marcgrave 1648 (subsp. Sicalis flaveola).
● ex “Tangara bleu du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (Tangara).
● ex “Héron du Brésil” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tigrisoma lineatum).
● Brazil and Cayenne; ex “Magoua” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Tinamus major).
●?Erroneous TL. Brazil (= Jamaica); ex “Small yellow and brown Bird” of Sloane 1725, “Icterus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Brasilian Oriole” of Latham 1782 (unident.)