Turquoise-fronted Parrot

SCI Name:  Amazona aestiva
Protonym:  Psittacus aestivus Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.101
Taxonomy:  Psittaciformes / Psittacidae / Amazona
Taxonomy Code:  bufpar
Type Locality:  America, Hellmayr, antea, p. 593, substitutes southern Brazil.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Near Threatened

DEFINITIONS

AMAZONA
(Psittacidae; Ϯ Southern Mealy Amazon A. farinosa) French name “Amazone” given to various tropical American parrots by de Buffon 1770-1783, because they came from the Amazonian rainforests. The Amazon was probably first seen in 1500 by the Spanish commander Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, but real exploration of the river came with the voyage of Francisco de Orellana in 1540-1541. His florid tales of female warriors, perhaps based on a misunderstood Tupí word amassona ‘boat destroyer’, gave the river its name; "VII.^e Sous-genre. AMAZONE; Amazona.  Bec robuste, très-crochu, épais; à arête rubanée ou formant une dépression aplatie, étroite, qui suit la courbure du bec, les côtés renflés, les bords festonnés; la mandibule inférieure échancrée en avant; narines arrondies, très-ouvertes dans la cire et à rebord saillant; ailes s'étendant jusqu'au tiers de la queue; les tarses très-courts, réticulés, robustes.   26. AMAZONE MEUNIER; Amazona pulverulenta: Psittacus pulverulentus, Gm.; Levaill., Perroq., pl. 92.  ...  plumage vert pruineux et à teint glauque   ...   27. AMAZONE A FRANGES; Amazona Levaillantii: Psittacus Levaillantii, Lath.; Psittacus infuscatus, Shaw.   ...   28. AMAZONE DUFRESNE; Amazona Dufresniana: Psittacus Dufresnianus, Shaw (?); Levaill., pl. 91.   ...   29. AMAZONE A TÊTE JAUNE; Amazona icterocephala: Psittacus ocrocephalus Gm.; Buff., Enl., 312 et 313; Levaill., Perroq., pl. 98." (Lesson 1830); "Amazona Lesson, Traité d'Orn., livr. 3, 1830, p. 189. Type, by subsequent designation, C. farinosa = Psittacus farinosus Boddaert (Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 20, 1891, p. 268)." (Peters, 1937, III, p. 216).
Synon. Androglossa, Chrysotis, Oenochrus.

amazona
Mod. L. Amazonus Amazonian, of Amazonia.
● ex “Amazonian Kingsfisher” of Latham 1782 (Chloroceryle).

aestiva
L. aestivus  summery < aestas, aestatis  summer (e.g. colourful) (cf. aestus  heat).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  æstivus.  27. P. brachyurus viridis, fronte cærulea, humeris sanguineis.  Psittacus viridis melanorrhynchos. Aldr. orn. l. 11. c. 7. Raj. av. 30.  Pappagallo. Olin. av. 23. t. 22.  Psittacus viridis et luteus barbadensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 11. t. 11. male.  Psittacus viridis major occidentalis. Edw. av. 162. t. 162.  Psittacus viridis, capite luteo, fronte cærulea. Frisch. av. 4. t. 47?  Habitat in America.  Corpus magnitudine Columbæ, viride, dorso adsperso pennis lateis. Facies flava. Frons cærulea. Vertex albidus. Rectrices virides apice pallidiores: 1. 2. 3 basi interiore rubræ; at 1 et am latere exteriore cærulea. Humeri fulvi s. sanguinei. Remiges primores nigræ apice cærulescentes, latere exteriore virides; secundariæ anteriores latere exteriore versus basin rubræ. Rostrum nigrum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazona).
● ex "Summer Red-Bird" of Catesby 1731 (syn. Piranga rubra).
● ex “Ficedula canadensis” of Brisson 1760, “Figuier de la Caroline” and “Figuier de Canada” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, figs. 1, 2, “Figuier tacheté” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Yellow-Poll” of Latham 1783 and Pennant 1785, and “Olive-Warbler” of Pennant 1785. The brightly-coloured Yellow Warbler is only a summer visitor to Canada, whence it was described (Setophaga).

SUBSPECIES

Turquoise-fronted Parrot (aestiva)
SCI Name: Amazona aestiva aestiva
aestiva
L. aestivus  summery < aestas, aestatis  summer (e.g. colourful) (cf. aestus  heat).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  æstivus.  27. P. brachyurus viridis, fronte cærulea, humeris sanguineis.  Psittacus viridis melanorrhynchos. Aldr. orn. l. 11. c. 7. Raj. av. 30.  Pappagallo. Olin. av. 23. t. 22.  Psittacus viridis et luteus barbadensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 11. t. 11. male.  Psittacus viridis major occidentalis. Edw. av. 162. t. 162.  Psittacus viridis, capite luteo, fronte cærulea. Frisch. av. 4. t. 47?  Habitat in America.  Corpus magnitudine Columbæ, viride, dorso adsperso pennis lateis. Facies flava. Frons cærulea. Vertex albidus. Rectrices virides apice pallidiores: 1. 2. 3 basi interiore rubræ; at 1 et am latere exteriore cærulea. Humeri fulvi s. sanguinei. Remiges primores nigræ apice cærulescentes, latere exteriore virides; secundariæ anteriores latere exteriore versus basin rubræ. Rostrum nigrum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazona).
● ex "Summer Red-Bird" of Catesby 1731 (syn. Piranga rubra).
● ex “Ficedula canadensis” of Brisson 1760, “Figuier de la Caroline” and “Figuier de Canada” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, figs. 1, 2, “Figuier tacheté” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Yellow-Poll” of Latham 1783 and Pennant 1785, and “Olive-Warbler” of Pennant 1785. The brightly-coloured Yellow Warbler is only a summer visitor to Canada, whence it was described (Setophaga).

Turquoise-fronted Parrot (xanthopteryx)
SCI Name: Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx
xanthopterygius / xanthopteryx
Gr. ξανθος xanthos  yellow; πτερυξ pterux, πτερυγος pterugos  wing.