Swallow-tailed Hummingbird

SCI Name:  Eupetomena macroura
Protonym:  Trochilus macrourus Syst.Nat. 1 pt1 p.487
Taxonomy:  Caprimulgiformes / Trochilidae / Eupetomena
Taxonomy Code:  swthum1
Type Locality:  Jamaica, error, Cayenne designated as type locality by Hellmayr, antea, p. 387.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1788
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

EUPETOMENA
(Trochilidae; Ϯ Swallow-tailed Hummingbird E. macroura) Gr. ευ eu  fine, good; πετομενος petomenos  ever on the wing, flying  < πετομαι petomai  to fly; "EUPETOMENA HIRUNDINACEA.  Swallow-tail.   ...   THIS species being the most swallow-like member of the entire family of Trochilidae, I have in this instance departed from the rule of priority and adopted the appropriate name of hirundinacea assigned to it by M. Lesson, instead of retaining the indefinite one of macrourus originally bestowed by Gmelin." (Gould 1853); "EUPETOMENA, Gould.  (Eυ, bene, et πετομενη, volans.)   ...   It flies very rapidly, has a shrill cry, and is so fearless that it will settle within a few feet of the object which has alarmed it" (Gould 1861); "Eupetomena Gould, Monogr. Trochil., pt. 6, 1853, pl. [1] and text [= 2, pl. 42 of volume]. Type, by monotypy, Trochilus macrourus Gmelin." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 21).
Synon. Prognornis.

macroura / macrouros / macrourus / macrura
Gr. μακρος makros  long; -ουρος -ouros  -tailed  < ουρα oura  tail.
● ex “Coliou de l’isle Panay” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Colius striatus).
● ex “Long-tailed Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Emberizoides herbicola).
● ex “Guainumbi” of Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Mellivora avis maxima” of Sloane 1725, “Mellisuga cayenensis, cauda bifurca” of Brisson 1760, “Oiseau-mouche à longue queue couleur d’acier brune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Cayenne forktailed Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Eupetomena).
● ex "Long-tailed Grosbeak" of Latham 1783 (Euplectes).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à longue queue de Gingi” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Long-tailed Thrush” of Latham 1783 (subsp. Kittacincla malabarica).
● ex “Petite Fauvette tachetée du cap de bonne espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 752, fig. 2, and “Great-tailed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Prinia maculosa).
● ex “Coliou hupé du Sénégal” of Brisson 1760 (Urocolius).
● "92. COLUMBA.  ...  macroura.  16. C. cauda cuneiformi longa, pectore purpurascente.  Columba macroura. Edw. av. 15. t. 15.  Palumbus migratorius. Catesb. car. I. p. 23. t. 23 [= Ectopistes].  Habitat in Canada; hybernat in Carolina." (Linnaeus 1758) (Zenaida).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à tête bleue de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (macroura)
SCI Name: Eupetomena macroura macroura
macroura / macrouros / macrourus / macrura
Gr. μακρος makros  long; -ουρος -ouros  -tailed  < ουρα oura  tail.
● ex “Coliou de l’isle Panay” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Colius striatus).
● ex “Long-tailed Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Emberizoides herbicola).
● ex “Guainumbi” of Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Mellivora avis maxima” of Sloane 1725, “Mellisuga cayenensis, cauda bifurca” of Brisson 1760, “Oiseau-mouche à longue queue couleur d’acier brune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Cayenne forktailed Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Eupetomena).
● ex "Long-tailed Grosbeak" of Latham 1783 (Euplectes).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à longue queue de Gingi” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Long-tailed Thrush” of Latham 1783 (subsp. Kittacincla malabarica).
● ex “Petite Fauvette tachetée du cap de bonne espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 752, fig. 2, and “Great-tailed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Prinia maculosa).
● ex “Coliou hupé du Sénégal” of Brisson 1760 (Urocolius).
● "92. COLUMBA.  ...  macroura.  16. C. cauda cuneiformi longa, pectore purpurascente.  Columba macroura. Edw. av. 15. t. 15.  Palumbus migratorius. Catesb. car. I. p. 23. t. 23 [= Ectopistes].  Habitat in Canada; hybernat in Carolina." (Linnaeus 1758) (Zenaida).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à tête bleue de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (unident.).

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (simoni)
SCI Name: Eupetomena macroura simoni
simoni
● Eugène Louis Simon (1848-1924) French ornithologist, hummingbird specialist (syn. Cotinga nattererii, subsp. Eupetomena macroura, Heliangelus exortis x Haplophaedia aureliae, subsp. Selasphorus flammula, Synallaxis, subsp. Thalurania furcata).
● Brig.-Gen. Simon Joseph Fraser 14^th Baron Lovat and 41^st MacShimi (1871-1933) originated cotton-planting in the Sudan, raised Lovat Scouts 1899, first Chairman Forestry Commission 1919 (syn. Dendropicos fuscescens lepidus).

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (cyanoviridis)
SCI Name: Eupetomena macroura cyanoviridis
cyanoviridis
L. cyanos  lapis lazuli  < Gr. κυανος kuanos  dark-blue; viridis  green  < virere  to be green.

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (hirundo)
SCI Name: Eupetomena macroura hirundo
HIRUNDO
(Hirundinidae; Ϯ Barn Swallow H. rustica) L. hirundo, hirundinis  swallow; "101. HIRUNDO.  Rostrum minimum, incurvum, subulatum, basi depressum.  Rictus capite amplius." (Linnaeus 1758). “The type of this Linnean genus has always been a somewhat difficult question to decide. The genus contains eight species, of which the first-named is “rustica,” the Swallow, and this was made the type of the genus by Gray [1840] ...  Stejneger (Proc. U. S. National Mus. v. 1883, p. 31) first drew attention to the fact that Forster [1817] ...  used urbica (House-Martin) in conjunction with Hirundo, and rustica (Swallow) with Chelidon, a genus there first named, and he considered this to constitute a designation of the type by Forster ...  After careful consideration of the matter, the Committee are of opinion that Forster’s use of Hirundo in conjunction with urbica hardly constitutes designation as understood under the code of International Rules, and that Hirundo rustica is the correct type of the Linnean genus” (BOU 1915); "Hirundo Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 191. Type, by subsequent designation, Hirundo rustica Linnaeus (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 8.)." (Peters, 1960, IX, p. 104). Linnaeus's Hirundo comprised eight species (H. rustica, H. esculenta, H. urbica, H. riparia, H. Apus, H. Subis, H. pelagica, H. Melba).
Var. Hirunda.
Synon. Charitochelidon, Chelidon, Hemicecrops, Herse, Hersepis, Hypurolepis, Natalornis, Setirundo, Uromitus, Waldenia.

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (boliviana)
SCI Name: Eupetomena macroura boliviana
boliviae / boliviana / bolivianum / bolivianus / boliviensis
Bolivia (named after Simón Bolívar (1783-1830) "The Liberator", Venezuelan revolutionary, who helped to expel the Spaniards from their South American empire).