Southern Fiscal

SCI Name:  Lanius collaris
Protonym:  Lanius collaris Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.135
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Laniidae / Lanius
Taxonomy Code:  soufis1
Type Locality:  Cape of Good Hope.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.

lanius
L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces.

collaris
L. collaris  of the neck  < collum  neck (cf. L. collare, collaris  neck-chain, collar).
● ex “Héoro-taire à collier blanc” of Audebert & Vieillot 1802 (syn. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris).
● ex "Grue à collier" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 865 (syn. Antigone antigone).
● ex “Barbu à collier de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 395, and “Tamatia à collier” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Bucco capensis).
● ex "Mbatuitui collar negro" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 392 (Charadrius).
● ex “Coucou à Collier Blanc” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 213 (syn. Clamator glandarius).
● ex "Sucrier Gamtocin" or "Sucrier à Cordon Bleue" of Levaillant 1812, pl. 299 (Hedydipna).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à collier du Sénégal” (= ♀) of Brisson 1760 (syn. Platysteira cyanea).
● ex “Pico grueso gargantilla” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 125 (syn. Sporophila caerulescens).
● ex “Gros-Bec d’Angola” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (Sporophila).
● ex “Bacbakiri” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 67 (syn. Telophorus zeylonus).
● ex “Martin-pêcheur à collier blanc des Philippines” of Sonnerat 1776 (subsp. Todiramphus chloris).
● ex “Couroucou Rosalba” of Levaillant 1806 (Trogon).

Colaris
Gr. κολαρις kolaris (variant of καλαρις  kalaris) bird mentioned by Aristotle, not otherwise identified.
• (Coraciidae; syn. Eurystomus † Broad-billed Roller E. glaucurus) "*XXVII  Eurystomus VIEILLOT.  ...  *121. E. orientalis    ...    XXIX  Colaris CUVIER.   ...   124. C. madagascariensis (Coracias —GM.) RCHB.   ...   *125. C. afra CUVIER.   ...   *126. C. gularis (Euryst. — VIEILL.) WAGL.   ...   127. C. viridis WAGLER." (Reichenbach 1852); "Colaris "Cuvier" Reichenbach, 1852, Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie, Icones ad Synopsin Avium. cont. IX. Meropinae, p. 56 (not of Cuvier, 1816).  Type, by virtual monotypy, Coracias madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788 = Coracias glaucurus Statius Müller, 1776." (JAJ 2021).
• (Coraciidae; syn. Eurystomus † Oriental Dollarbird E. orientalis) "LES ROLLES. (COLARIS. Cuv.)  Diffèrent des rolliers par leur bec plus court, plus arqué, et surtout élargi à la base au point d'y être moins haut que large (3).   ...   (3) Coracias orientalis enl. 619. - Cor. Madagascariensis. enl. 501. - Cor. Afra Lath., Vaill., loc. cit. pl. 35.  Colaris est le nom grec d'un oiseau inconnu." (Cuvier 1816); "Colaris Cuvier, 1816, Règne Animal, I, p. 401.  Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 13), Coracias orientalis Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Collaris.

SUBSPECIES

Southern Fiscal (Uhehe)
SCI Name: Lanius collaris marwitzi
marwitzi
First Lt. Lothar Heinrich Ludwig von der Marwitz (1869-1918) German Army in German East Africa, collector (Joek Roex in litt.) (syn. Apus apus pekinensis, subsp. Estrilda paludicola, syn. Euplectes orix nigrifrons, syn. Eurillas virens zombensis, subsp. Hirundo dimidiata, subsp. Lanius collaris, subsp. Phoeniculus purpureus, syn. Telacanthura ussheri stictilaema).

Southern Fiscal (Southern)
SCI Name: Lanius collaris [collaris Group]
LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.