Sociable Lapwing

SCI Name:  Vanellus gregarius
Protonym:  Charadrius gregarius ReiseVersch.Provin.Russ.Reichs 1 p.456
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Charadriidae / Vanellus
Taxonomy Code:  soclap1
Type Locality:  Volga, Jaiku and Samara.
Author:  Pallas
Publish Year:  1771
IUCN Status:  Critically Endangered

DEFINITIONS

VANELLUS
(Charadriidae; Ϯ Northern Lapwing V. vanellus) Med. L. vanellus  lapwing  < dim. L. vannus  winnowing fan (in allusion to the broad wings and floppy flight); "Vanellus. Genus 71.  ...  **1. LE VANNEAU.  ... VANELLUS." (Brisson 1760): based on "Vanellus", "Capella", and "Caprea" of Gessner 1555, and many other authors, and Tringa Vanellus Linnaeus, 1758; "Vanellus Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 94. Type, by tautonymy, Vanellus Brisson = Tringa vanellus Linné." (Peters 1934, II, 235).  The Northern Lapwing appears the most aberrant member of the genus; it has been suggested that Hoplopterus be resurrected for all the other species presently included in Vanellus.   
Var. Canellus, Cranellus.   
Synon. Acanthopteryx, Acanthropterus, Afribyx, Afrovanellus, Anitibyx, Anomalophrys, Belonopterus, Chettusia, Defilippia, Dilobus, Dorypaltus, Euhyas, Eurypterus, Gavia, Hemiparra, Hoplopterus, Limnetes, Lobibyx, Lobipluvia, Lobivanellus, Microsarcops, Nonnusia, Ptiloscelys, Rogibyx, Sarciophorus, Sarcogrammus, Stephanibyx, Titihoia, Tringa, Tylibyx, Vanellochettusia, Viator, Xiphidiopterus, Zapterus, Zonifer.

vanellus
Med. L. vanellus lapwing < dim. L. vannus winnowing fan; "78. TRINGA.  ...  Vanellus.  2. T. pedibus rubris, crista dependente, pectore nigro. Fn. svec. 148.  Capella s. Vanellus. Bell. av. 49. a. Gesn. av. 764. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 63. Will. orn. 228. t. 57. Jonst. av. 164. t. 53. 27. Raj. av. 110. Alb. av. I. p. 70. t. 74.  Habitat in Europa, Africa.  Migrat forte in Ægyptum. Ova Belgis in deliciis.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Vanellus).

gregaria / gregarius
L. gregarius  gregarious, sociable  < grex, gregis  flock.
• "9. CHARADRIVS gregarius  ...  Magnitudo et habitus Vanelli  ...  Obs. copiose in campestribus ad Volgam Iaikum et Samaram." (Pallas 1771) (Vanellus).
• "Zosterops minor gregaria subsp. nova.  ...  Von mir gregaria benannt, da die Art viel geselliger ist als novaeguineae oder fuscicapilla; ich fand kleinere und größere Trupps häufig auf Waldlichtungen, in alten Eingeborenenpflanzungen und an Waldränden." (Mayr 1933) (subsp. Zosterops chrysolaemus).