Saffron-cowled Blackbird

SCI Name:  Xanthopsar flavus
Protonym:  O.[riolus] flavus Syst.Nat. 1 pt1 p.389
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Icteridae / Xanthopsar
Taxonomy Code:  sacbla2
Type Locality:  'in Antigua insulae Panay [error] , et America australi'' ; Rio de la Plata designated by Hellmayr, 1937, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 10, p. 184.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1788
IUCN Status:  Endangered

DEFINITIONS

XANTHOPSAR
(Icteridae; Ϯ Saffron-cowled Blackbird X. flavus) Gr. ξανθος xanthos  yellow; ψαρ psar, ψαρος psaros  starling. In ornithology psar may also signify American icterid. "O[riolus]. aureus, dorso postico, alis, caudaque nigris" (J. Gmelin 1788); "Genus Xanthopsar.  (Type, Oriolus flavus Gmelin.)  Similar to Agelaius, but bill relatively much longer and more slender, equaling or exceeding the head in length; ninth primary longest, or equal to the longest (the ninth, eighth and seventh about equal in length); tarsus relatively shorter (but little longer than culmen and but little more than one fourth as long as wing); hallux decidedly shorter than lateral toes, its claw very long (exceeding the digit in length) and narrow, the anterior claws relatively very small." (Ridgway 1901).

flavum / flavus
L. flavus  golden-yellow, gold-coloured, yellow (cf. Late L. flavus   yellow cap).
● ex “Brasilian Bittern” of Willughby, 1678, “Ardea brasiliana” of Ray 1713, “Botaurus brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, “Butor jaune du Brésil” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow Bittern” of Latham 1785 (syn. Botaurus pinnatus).
● ex “Coucou petit de l’Île de Panay” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 814, and Sonnerat 1776, “Petit coucou à tête grise et ventre jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow-bellied Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (syn. Cacomantis merulinus).
● ex “Geai à ventre jaune de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 249, and “Yellow-bellied Jay” of Latham 1781 (syn. Pitangus sulphuratus).
● ex “Troupiale jaune d’Antigue” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Antiguan Yellow Oriole” of Latham 1782 (Xanthopsar).
● ex “Merle jaune de la Chine” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Yellow Thrush” of Latham 1783 (unident.).