Reddish Hermit / Phaethornis ruber
Reddish Hermit
SCI Name:
Protonym: Trochilus ruber Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.121
Taxonomy: Caprimulgiformes / Trochilidae / Phaethornis
Taxonomy Code: redher1
Type Locality: Surinam, ex Edwards p. 32, pi. 32, upp. f.
Author: Linnaeus
Publish Year: 1758
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
PHAETHORNIS
(Trochilidae; † Long-tailed Hermit P. superciliosus) Gr. φαεθων phaethōn sun < φαω phaō to shine; ορνις ornis, ορνιθος ornithos bird; "97. Cynanthus bifurcatus. ... This is an aberrant species, touching the genus Phæthornis, Sw., or that group of which Troch. superciliosus of Authors forms the type." (Swainson 1827 (Philos. Mag., 1, 441)); "PHÆTHORNIS. Rostrum elongatum, arcuatum. Cauda elongata, gradata vel cuneata. Types. 1. T. superciliosus, L. 2. Col. tacheté? Temm., Pl. col. 120. f. 3. 3. T. chrysobronchos, Shaw." (Swainson 1827 (Zool. Journ., III, 357)); "Phæthornis Swainson, Philos. Mag. (n.s.). 1, June, 1827, p. 441. Type, by original designation, "Troch. superciliosus of Authors" i.e. Trochilus superciliosus Linné." (Peters, 1945, V, 7).
Var. Phaetornis, Phoethornis, Phoetornis, Phaethornus, Phaedornis, Phrethornis.
Synon. Anisoterus, Eremita, Guyornis, Mesophila, Milornis, Ptyonornis, Pygmornis, Toxoteuches.
• (Trochilidae; syn. Thaumastura † Peruvian Sheartail T. cora) "5. Subgen. Phaetornis Swains. 204. 7. Tr. Cora. Orthorhynchus Cora Less. Garn. Zool. Coq. pl. 31. 4. Ornismya Cora Man. Ornith. II. p. 82." (von Tschudi 1844); "Phaethornis von Tschudi, 1844, Archiv für Naturgesch., X, p. 297. Type, by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1879, Smithsonian Contrib. Knowledge, 317, Classif. Synop. Trochilidae, p. 122), Orthorhynchus cora Lesson, 1827." (JAJ 2020).
• (Trochilidae; syn. Trochilus † Red-billed Streamertail T. polytmus) "Phœthornis, Swainson. ... La tête est sans ornament ou munie de huppes. ESP. 13. OISEAU-MOUCHE A TÊTE NOIRE. Ornismya cephalatra. N. ... Trochilus polytmus, L. sp. 4 ... ESP. 14. OISEAU-MOUCHE A OREILLES D'AZUR. Ornismya aurita. N. ... ESP. 15. OISEAU-MOUCHE AUX HUPPES D'OR. Ornismya chrysolopha. N. ... Trochilus cornutus, prince de Wied ... ESP. 16. OISEAU-MOUCHE LANGSDORFF. Ornismya Langsdorffii. N. ... ESP. 17. OISEAU-MOUCHE CORA. Ornismya Cora. N. ... ESP. 18. OISEAU-MOUCHE A QUEUE SINGULIÈRE. Ornismya heteropygia. N. ... Trochilus enicurus, Vieill." (Lesson 1829); "Phaethornis Lesson, 1829, Hist. Nat. Oiseaux-Mouches, p. xviij. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 14), Ornismya cephalatra Lesson, 1829 = Trochilus polytmus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2020).
ruber
L. ruber, rubra red, ruddy (see also rubra).
● ex “Troupiale rouge d’Antigue” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Red Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Amblyramphus holosericeus).
● ex “Suiriri roxo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 188 (syn. Casiornis rufus).
● "77. SCOLOPAX. ... rubra. 1. S. rostro arcuato, pedibus rubris, corpore sanguineo, alarum apicibus nigris. Porphyrio amboinensis s. Ardea rubra corallina. Seb. mus. I. p. 98. t. 62. f. 3. Numenius ruber. Catesb. car. I. p. 84. t. 84. Numenius indicus. Clus. exot. 366. Guara. Marcgr. bras. 203. Will. orn. 239. Raj. av. 104. n. 6. Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Eudocimus).
● ex Coracina militaris Latham 1801, and “Grand Cotinga” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Haematoderus militaris).
● ex “Añumbi roxo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 220 (Phacellodomus).
● "60. TROCHILUS. ... ruber. 15. T. rectricibus lateralibus violaceis, corpore testaceo fusco submaculato. Mellivora parva purpurea. Edw. av. 32. t. 32. f. 1. Habitat Surinami. Rectrices intermediæ testaceæ." (Linnaeus 1758) (Phaethornis).
● "72. PHOENICOPTERUS. ... ruber. 1. P. ruber, remigibus primoribus nigris. Phœnicopterus. Bell. av. l. 8. c. 8. Gesn. av. . . Aldr. orn. 2. l. 20. c. 4. Will. orn. 360. t. 60. Raj. av. 117. Tetr. itin. 300. Worm. mus. 200. Grew. mus. 67. t. 5. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 321. Act. angl. 350. p. 523. Seb. mus. 1. p. 123. t. 67. f. 1. Catesb. car. 1. p. 73. t. 73. 74. Alb. av. 2. p. 71. t. 77. Habitat in Africa, America, rarius in Europa. Dat mihi penna rubens nomen, sed lingua gulosis: Apicio, Caligulæ, Vitellio, Heliogabalo expetita suis, testantibus Plinio, Martiali, Svetonio, Lampridio." (Linnaeus 1758) (Phoenicopterus).
● ex “Red-breasted Woodpecker” of Latham 1783 (Sphyrapicus).
● ex “Pie à Culotte de Peau” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 55 (artefact).
SUBSPECIES
Reddish Hermit (episcopus)
SCI Name: Phaethornis ruber episcopus
episcopus
Late L. episcopus bishop < Gr. επισκοπος episkopos guardian, teacher, overseer; ref. black cap, or purple or blue plumage.
● ex “Héron de la côte de Coromandel” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 906, and “Héron violet” of de Buffon 1770-1785. "Bishop Stork, Parson-bird ...In the adult, the hindhead and neck are white, with a black 'parson's cap'" (Hancock et al. 1992) (Ciconia).
● “Bishop Hermit ...in this little section of the Phaethorni the males of some of the species have their breasts crossed by a distinct patch of lengthened purplish-black plumes” (Gould 1861) (Phaethornis).
● Dr Louis B. Bishop (fl. 1911) US physician, ornithologist (syn. Sialia sialis fulva).
● ex “Evesque” or “Episcopus avis” of Brisson 1760; “It is called by the inhabitants of Cayenne, L’Evêque” (Latham 1783) (Tangara).
Reddish Hermit (ruber)
SCI Name: Phaethornis ruber ruber
ruber
L. ruber, rubra red, ruddy (see also rubra).
● ex “Troupiale rouge d’Antigue” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Red Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Amblyramphus holosericeus).
● ex “Suiriri roxo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 188 (syn. Casiornis rufus).
● "77. SCOLOPAX. ... rubra. 1. S. rostro arcuato, pedibus rubris, corpore sanguineo, alarum apicibus nigris. Porphyrio amboinensis s. Ardea rubra corallina. Seb. mus. I. p. 98. t. 62. f. 3. Numenius ruber. Catesb. car. I. p. 84. t. 84. Numenius indicus. Clus. exot. 366. Guara. Marcgr. bras. 203. Will. orn. 239. Raj. av. 104. n. 6. Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Eudocimus).
● ex Coracina militaris Latham 1801, and “Grand Cotinga” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Haematoderus militaris).
● ex “Añumbi roxo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 220 (Phacellodomus).
● "60. TROCHILUS. ... ruber. 15. T. rectricibus lateralibus violaceis, corpore testaceo fusco submaculato. Mellivora parva purpurea. Edw. av. 32. t. 32. f. 1. Habitat Surinami. Rectrices intermediæ testaceæ." (Linnaeus 1758) (Phaethornis).
● "72. PHOENICOPTERUS. ... ruber. 1. P. ruber, remigibus primoribus nigris. Phœnicopterus. Bell. av. l. 8. c. 8. Gesn. av. . . Aldr. orn. 2. l. 20. c. 4. Will. orn. 360. t. 60. Raj. av. 117. Tetr. itin. 300. Worm. mus. 200. Grew. mus. 67. t. 5. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 321. Act. angl. 350. p. 523. Seb. mus. 1. p. 123. t. 67. f. 1. Catesb. car. 1. p. 73. t. 73. 74. Alb. av. 2. p. 71. t. 77. Habitat in Africa, America, rarius in Europa. Dat mihi penna rubens nomen, sed lingua gulosis: Apicio, Caligulæ, Vitellio, Heliogabalo expetita suis, testantibus Plinio, Martiali, Svetonio, Lampridio." (Linnaeus 1758) (Phoenicopterus).
● ex “Red-breasted Woodpecker” of Latham 1783 (Sphyrapicus).
● ex “Pie à Culotte de Peau” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 55 (artefact).
Reddish Hermit (nigricinctus)
SCI Name: Phaethornis ruber nigricinctus
nigricincta / nigricinctus
L. niger black; cinctus girdled < cingere to encircle.
Reddish Hermit (longipennis)
SCI Name: Phaethornis ruber longipennis
longipennis
L. longus long; -pennis -winged, -feathered < penna feather.
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)