Red-tailed Shrike

SCI Name:  Lanius phoenicuroides
Protonym:  Otomela phoenicuroides J.Orn. XXIII. Jahrgang, Vierte Folge, 3. Band, II. Heft, No. 130 p. 148-150
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Laniidae / Lanius
Taxonomy Code:  rutshr2
Type Locality:  Tschimkent (Chimkent), Russian Turkestan.
Author:  Schalow
Publish Year:  1875
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.

lanius
L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces.

phoenicuroides
● Specific name Mirafra phoenicurus Franklin, 1831; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "a new MIRAFRA, sent entire in spirit, as also a skin,§   ...   § M. PHŒNICUROIDES, nobis.  Affined to M. PHŒNICURA, Franklin, but the general hue less rufescent; the under-parts pale fulvous-grey, albescent on throat; tail brown, faintly rufescent at its extreme base, and on the exterior web of the outermost feather; broad margins to inner webs of the primaries and secondaries, with the axillaries, also pale rufescent, imparting this hue to the inner surface of ther wing.  ...  Hab. Kashmir." (Blyth 1853) (subsp. Ammomanes deserti).
● Specific name Lanius phoenicurus Pallas, 1810 (= syn. Lanius cristatus); Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "23.  Lanius phoenicuroïdes (1, 2, 3)." (Severtzov 1873); "8. Otomela phoenicuroides (Sev.).  Lanius phoenicuroides Sev., J. f. O. 1873, p. 347.  Lanius isabellinus (nec Ehr.) Walden, Ibis 1867, p. 224, tab. 5, fig. 1.  Lanius phoenicurus (nec Pall.) J. Vian, Rev. de Zool. 1871/2, p. 330.  ...  Beschrieben nach einem Exemplare Severzow's, erlegt im Mai zu Tschimkent, befindlich im hiesigen Museum.  ...  Dass der von Vian (l. c.) unter dem Namen L. phoenicurus Pall. von der Ostseite des caspischen Meeres beschriebene Würger zu dieser Art gezogen werden muss, habe ich bereits früher dargethan." (Schalow 1875) (Lanius).
● Specific name Motacilla phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758; Gr. -οιδης
-oidēs  resembling; "468.  RUTICILLA PHŒNICUROÏDES, Moore.  ...  In this species the black colour of the breast extends much lower down, and the first primary is a ¼ in. longer, the second being shorter by a ¼ in., than in R. Phœnicura; the bill is more elongated, and a trifle longer, and not so broad at the base.  It is closely allied to R. Phœnicura, but is readily distinguished from it by the absence of white on the crown." (Moore 1854) (subsp. Phoenicurus ochruros).

Phoenicuroides
(syn. Emarginata Ϯ Tractrac Chat E. tractrac) Genus Phoenicurus T. I. Forster, 1817, redstart; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "Le Vaillant compared his "Tractrac" with the Familiar Chat (Phoenicurus familiaris) and both the plate and description agree quite well with the characters of Sharpe's Saxicola layardi; and, moreover, C. H. B. Grant (Ibis, 1911, p. 413) and other naturalists have noted how very similar are the two species, so that Le Vaillant's comparison was a natural one. The type locality for the "Tractrac" is Outeniqua and it would seem to occur thence northwards to the Orange River, overlapping the range of Emarginata sinuata and Phoenicurus familiaris, so that it is to be regarded as a firmly established species, and as such a genus, for which I propose the name of PHOENICUROIDES." (A. Roberts 1922); "Phoenicuroides Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 231. Type, by monotypy, 'Tractrac' ex Levaillant [= Saxicola layardi Sharpe] = Motacilla tractrac Wilkes." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 96).