Newton's Fiscal

SCI Name:  Lanius newtoni
Protonym:  Lanius (Fiscus) Newtoni J.Sci.Math.Phys.Nat.Lisboa(2), 2 p.79
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Laniidae / Lanius
Taxonomy Code:  newfis1
Type Locality:  Sao Tome.
Author:  Bocage
Publish Year:  1891
IUCN Status:  Critically Endangered

DEFINITIONS

LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.

lanius
L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces.

newtoni
● Sir Edward Newton (1832-1897) British colonial administrator, assistant colonial secretary on Mauritius 1859-1877, naturalist, collector in Madagascar 1861-1862 and the Seychelles 1866 (Acrocephalus, Falco, Lalage, ‡syn. Mascarenotus sauzieri).
● Col. Francisco Xavier O'Kelly de Aguilar Azeredo Newton (1864-1909) Portuguese botanist, collector in tropical Africa and the East Indies (subsp. Cisticola subruficapilla, Lanius, syn. Terpsiphone rufiventer smithii).
● Prof. Alfred Newton (1829-1907) British ornithologist (subsp. Coereba flaveola, Genyornis, subsp. Paroreomyza montana, subsp. Parus major, syn. Phylloscopus chloronotus).
● Prof. Alfred Newton (1829-1907) British ornithologist and his brother Sir Edward Newton (1832-1897) (‡subsp. Megascops nudipes).
● Robert Newton (1908-1983) British colonial administrator in the Cameroons 1931-1937 and Mauritius 1955-1961 (subsp. Riparia paludicola).