New Zealand King Shag

SCI Name:  Phalacrocorax carunculatus
Protonym:  Pelecanus carunculatus Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.576
Taxonomy:  Suliformes / Phalacrocoracidae / Phalacrocorax
Taxonomy Code:  rofsha1
Type Locality:  Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand and Staten Island, ex Latham.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Vulnerable

DEFINITIONS

PHALACROCORAX
(Phalacrocoracidae; Ϯ Great Cormorant P. carbo) L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis  cormorant  < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax,  φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos  cormorant  < φαλακρος phalakros  bald-headed  < φαλος phalos  white; ακρος akros  topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos  raven  < κρωζω krōzō  to croak; "LE CORMORAN  ...  PHALACROCORAX  ...  Juxta maris littora versatur, paludesque frequentat. Modo in rupibus, modo in arboribus excelsis nidificat" (Brisson 1760): based on "Phalacrocorax" and "Corvus aquaticus" of many authors, "Carbo aquaticus" of Gessner 1555, and Linnaeus 1748, "Morfex" of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Jonston 1650-1653, and Charleton 1668, "Nonnullis" of Gessner 1555, Schwenckfeld 1603, and Klein 1750, "Pelecanus subtus albicans" of Linnaeus 1746, "Plancus Corvus" of Klein 1750, and Pelecanus Carbo Linnaeus, 1758; "Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60. Type, by tautonymy, Phalacrocorax = Pelecanus carbo Linné." (Peters 1931, 1, 85). The Great Cormorant was formerly trained in England to catch fish, but that necessary pastime can now only be seen in the Far East.   
Var. Phalaciocorax, Phalocrocorax, Phalarocorax, Phelacrocorax.   
Synon. Anacarbo, Botaurites, Carbo, Carbonarius, Compsohalieus, Cormoranus, Dilophalieus, Ecmeles, Enygrotheres, Euleucocarbo, Graculus, Graucalus, Gripeus, Gulosus, Halieus, Hydrocorax, Hypoleucus, Leucocarbo, Mesocarbo, Nannopterum, Nesocarbo, Notocarbo, Oligocorax, Pallasicarbo, Paracorax, Pliocarbo, Poikilocarbo, Pseudocarbo, Stictocarbo, Urile, Viguacarbo.
● (syn. Rynchops Ϯ Black Skimmer R. niger) "109. ZWEMMERGANS, in het Latyn Phalacrocorax.  Vogel van Madras met een scheermes-snabel.  PETIVER by RAY. Syn. Av. 194. f. 5." (Moehring 1758).

phalacrocorax
L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis  cormorant  < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax, φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos  cormorant  < φαλακρος phalakros  bald-headed  < φαλος phalos  white; ακρος akros  topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos  raven  < κρωζω krōzō  to croak.
● ex Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 (syn. Phalacrocorax carbo).

carunculata / carunculatus
Mod. L. carunculatus  wattled  < L. caruncula  small piece of flesh  < dim. caro, carnis  flesh.
● ex “New Holland Bee-eater” of Phillip 1789 (Anthochaera).
● ex “Wattled Heron” of Latham 1785 (Bugeranus).
● ex “Wattled Stare” of Latham 1785 (Creadion).
● ex “Cockscomb Stare” of Latham 1783 (syn. Creatophora cinerea).
● ex “Wattled Creeper” of Latham 1781 (Foulehaio).
● ex “Carunculated Shag” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
● ex “Cotinga blanc” of Brisson 1760, and “Guira Panga” or “Cotinga Blanc” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Procnias alba).
● ex “Ipecati Apoa” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Pato crestudo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 428 (syn. Sarkidiornis sylvicola).
● ex “Coliou Quiriwa” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 258 (syn. Urocolius indicus).