Maroon Oriole

SCI Name:  Oriolus traillii
Protonym:  Pastor Traillii Proc.Zool.Soc.London Pt1 no.14 p.175
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Oriolidae / Oriolus
Taxonomy Code:  marori2
Type Locality:  no type locality; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Soc. Nat. Hist., 27, p. 698).
Author:  Vigors
Publish Year:  1832
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

ORIOLUS
(Oriolidae; Ϯ Eurasian Golden Oriole O. oriolus) Med. L. oriolus  Golden Oriole; this onomatopoeia echoes the melodic calls of the Eurasian Golden Oriole which are such a distinctive feature of European woodlands in the spring; "52. ORIOLUS.  Rostrum conicum, convexum, acutissimum, rectum: mandibula superiore paulo longiore, obsolete emarginata.  Lingua bifida, acuta.  Pedes ambulatorii." (Linnaeus 1766): based on "Oriolus" and "Chlorion" of Gessner 1555, "Picus nidum suspendens" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, "Galbula" of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, "Turdus luteus" of Frisch 1733-1743, "Coracias Oriolus" of Linnaeus 1746, and "Oriolus luteus" of Linnaeus 1750; "Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 160. Type, by virtual tautonymy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus = Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758.   ...   Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic name Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, by the suppression of older homonym published by Brisson, 1760.  Direction 21, Inter. Comm. Zool. Nomen., 1, Sec. C (C. 12): 161; 178, 1955." (Greenway in Peters 1962, XV, 122). Linnaeus's Oriolus comprised twenty species (O. Galbula, O. chinensis, O. melanocephalus, O. Icterus, O. phoeniceus, O. hæmorrhous, O. persicus, O. mexicanus (No. 8), O. guianensis, O. Baltimore, O. spurius, O. Bonana, O. mexicanus (No. 13), O. dominicensis, O. cayanensis, O. icterocephalus, O. melancholicus, O. capensis, O. aureus, O. chrysocephalus).    
Var. Gridus, Oriotus, Orioblus, Eriolus.   
Synon. Amimeta, Analcipus, Artamia, Baruffius, Broderipornis, Broderipus, Chloreus, Erythrolanius, Euchlorites, Mimeta, Mimetes, Neomimeta, Philocarpus, Psaropholus, Xanthonotus.
• (Icteridae; syn. Icterus † Venezuelan Troupial I. icterus) "GENUS 28.  ORIOLUS Lin. Scopoli Lath. Dum. Icterus Briss. Cuv. La Cép.  Xanthornus La Cép.  (Gilbvogel Germ.  Troupiale, Carouge Gall.  Oriole Angl.)  ...  Species: Oriolus Icterus, Cayanensis Lin." (Illiger 1811); "Oriolus (not of Linnaeus, 1766) Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 214, 1811—type, by subs. desig. (Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 435, 1930), Oriolus icterus Linnaeus." (Hellmayr, 1937, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. X, p. 102).

oriolus
Med. L. oriolus and aureolus  golden oriole, from its flute-like call (cf. L. aureolus  golden  < aurum  gold).
● ex “Troupiale” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 532 (syn. Icterus icterus).
● "49. CORACIAS.  ...  Oriolus.  3. C. flava alis caudaque nigris.  Ampelis flava, artibus nigris, rectricibus quinque exterioribus restrorsum flavis. Act. Stockh. 1750. p. 127. t. 3. f. 5.  Oriolus. Gesn. av. . . .  Galbula. Aldr. orn. 854. t. 857. 858.  Galbula benghalensis. Edw. av. 185. t. 185.  Picus nidum suspendens. Will. orn. . . t. 36. f. 6. & t. 38. f. 4. Jonst. av. 112. t. 41. f. 8. Raj. av. 68.  Flava avis benghalensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 19. t. 20.  Habitat in Europa, Asia, migratoria avis." (Linnaeus 1758) (Oriolus).

traillii
Dr Thomas Stewart Traill (1781-1862) Scottish physician, philosopher, zoologist (Empidonax, Oriolus).

SUBSPECIES

Maroon Oriole (traillii)
SCI Name: Oriolus traillii traillii
traillii
Dr Thomas Stewart Traill (1781-1862) Scottish physician, philosopher, zoologist (Empidonax, Oriolus).

Maroon Oriole (robinsoni)
SCI Name: Oriolus traillii robinsoni
robinson / robinsoni / robinsonii
● Herbert Christopher Robinson (1874-1929) British ornithologist, systematist, collector in Australia 1896, and Malaysia 1908-1926 (syn. Aerodramus maximus, syn. Alectura lathami, subsp. Alophoixus pallidus, subsp. Chalcophaps indica, subsp. Cissa chinensis, subsp. Enicurus maculatus, subsp. Gecinulus grantia, subsp. Heterophasia desgodinsi, subsp. Macropygia amboinensis, syn. Megalaima australis duvaucelii, syn. Myiagra cyanoleuca, Myophonus, subsp. Oriolus traillii, subsp. Picus guerini, subsp. Pteruthius aeralatus, syn. Pycnonotus blanfordi conradi, syn. Rallina tricolor, syn. Rhipidura albicollis atrata, subsp. Strepera graculina, subsp. Treron sphenurus).
● Col. Wirt Robinson (1864-1929) US Army, who taught chemistry at West Point 1906-1928, ornithologist, collector (syn. Butorides striata, syn. Cardinalis phoeniceus, syn. Zenaida auriculata stenura).
● Dr Anthony Robinson (d. 1768) English surgeon, botanist, resident in Jamaica (syn. Pyrrhulagra violacea ruficollis).
● Robinson Crusoe, literary character who was shipwrecked but survived on a desert island, created by Daniel Defoe 1719; the character was heavily influenced by the adventures of the privateer Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721) who survived several years on the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez (syn. Sephanoides fernandensis).

Maroon Oriole (nigellicauda)
SCI Name: Oriolus traillii nigellicauda
nigellicauda
L. nigellus  somewhat black, dark  < niger  black; cauda  tail.

Maroon Oriole (ardens)
SCI Name: Oriolus traillii ardens
ardens
L. ardens, ardentis  burning, glowing  < ardere  to burn.
● ex “Veuve à poitrine rouge du Cap de Bonne Espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 647, and “Veuve en feu” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (Euplectes).