Lesser Woodcreeper

SCI Name:  Xiphorhynchus fuscus
Protonym:  Dendrocopus fuscus Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat. 26 p.117
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Furnariidae / Xiphorhynchus
Taxonomy Code:  leswoo2
Type Locality:  Brazil; type from near Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr.
Author:  Vieillot
Publish Year:  1818
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

XIPHORHYNCHUS
(Furnariidae; † Ivory-billed Woodcreeper X. flavigaster) Gr. ξιφος xiphos  sword; ῥυγχος rhunkhos  bill; "G. XIPHORHYNCHUS.  Swains. in Zool. Journ. No. 10.   85. Xiphorhynchus leucogaster.  ...  bill one inch and a half long, slender, pale, the upper mandible brown.  ...   86. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster.  ...  bill long, strong, brown, slightly curved." (Swainson 1827); "Xiphorhynchus Swainson, Philos. Mag. (n.s.), 1, June, 1827, p. 440.  Type, by subsequent designation, Xiphorhynchus flavigaster Swainson (Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, 1905, p. 52)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 36).
Var. Xiphorynchus, Xyphorhynchus, Ziphorhynchus, Ziphorynchus.
Synon. Dendrornis, Picolaptes, Talapius, Thripobrotus.
• (Furnariidae; syn. Campylorhamphus † Black-billed Scythebill C. falcularius) "XIPHORHYNCHUS.  Rostrum gracile, elongatum, compressissimum, falcatum, immarginatum.  Bill slender, long, much compressed, falcated and entire.  Type. Dend. procurvus. Temm., Pl. col.. 28.   By this form, the passage is marked from Dendrocolaptes to Certhia.  The species appear numerous.  I possess four from Brazil, and three from Mexico." (Swainson 1827); "Xiphorhynchus (not of SWAINSON, June 1827) SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, No. 11, p. 334, Sept.-Dec. 1827—type by orig. desig. Dendrocolaptes procurvus TEMMINCK [= Dendrocopus falcularius Vieillot]." (Hellmayr, 1925, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. IV, p. 339).

fuscus
L. fuscus  brown, dusky, dark-coloured, black (see also fusca).
● ex “Merula Philippensis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Acridotheres tristis).
● ex “Brown Thrush” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Catharus swainsoni).
● ex “Alondra parda” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 147 (Cinclodes).
● ex “Sucrier Namaquois” or “Sucrier à Caleçon Blanc” of Levaillant 1812, pl. 296 (Cinnyris).
● "77. SCOLOPAX.  ...  fusca.  3. S. rostro arcuato, pedibus rubris, corpore fusco, cauda basi alba.  Numenius fuscus. Catesb. car. I. p. 83. t. 83.  Habitat in America.  Antecedentes 1. 2. 3. structura nimis affines, sed colore corporis diversæ." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Eudocimus albus ☼) (see ruber and albus).
● ex “Brown-headed Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Euphagus carolinus).
● ex “Martin-pêcheur de la côte Malabar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 894 (syn. Halcyon smyrnensis).
● "69. LARUS.  ...  fuscus.  4. L. albus, dorso fusco. Fn. svec. 126.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Larus).
● ex “Brown Merganser” (= ♀) of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Lophodytes cucullatus).
● ex “Mésange Brune à Poitrine Noire” of Levaillant 1804, pl. 139, fig. 1 (syn. Melaniparus afer).
● ex “Brown-headed Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Molothrus ater).
● (Boddaert 1783) ex “Vautour de Malthe” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 427 (= ☼) (syn. Neophron percnopterus).
● (J. Gmelin 1788) ex “Vultur fuscus” of Brisson 1760, “Vautour de Malthe” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 427, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Avoltojo Griffone” of Cetti 1776 (syn. Neophron percnopterus).
● ex “Brown Pelican” of Latham 1785 (syn. Pelecanus occidentalis).
● ex Tringa lobata Linnaeus, 1758, and “Phalarope cendré” and “Phalarope brun” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Phalaropus lobatus).
● ex “Little Dusky Parrot” of Edwards 1764 (Pionus).
● ex “Merle huppé du cap de bonne Espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 563, fig. 1 (syn. Pycnonotus cafer).
● ex “Black-cap Fly-catcher” of Catesby 1731-1743, and Latham 1783, “Muscicapa carolinensis fusca” of Brisson 1760, “Gobe-mouche noirâtre de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black-headed Fly-catcher of Pennant 1785 (syn. Sayornis phoebe).
● ex “Brown Tody” of Latham 1781 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Lesser Woodcreeper (pintoi)
SCI Name: Xiphorhynchus fuscus pintoi
pintoi
● Olivério Mário de Oliveira Pinto (1896-1981) Brazilian ornithologist (syn. Aratinga maculata, syn. Megascops atricapilla, syn. Pulsatrix pulsatrix, syn. Ramphastos vitellinus ariel, subsp. Xiphorhynchus fuscus).
● Dr António Augusto da Rosa Pinto (1904-1986) Portuguese ornithologist, Director of Lourenço Marques Mus. 1953-1960 (subsp. Batis molitor, subsp. Calamonastes stierlingi, syn. Cinnyris gertrudis, subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea).

Lesser Woodcreeper (tenuirostris)
SCI Name: Xiphorhynchus fuscus tenuirostris
tenuirostra / tenuirostre / tenuirostris
L. tenuis, tenue  slender; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.

Lesser Woodcreeper (fuscus)
SCI Name: Xiphorhynchus fuscus fuscus
fuscus
L. fuscus  brown, dusky, dark-coloured, black (see also fusca).
● ex “Merula Philippensis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Acridotheres tristis).
● ex “Brown Thrush” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Catharus swainsoni).
● ex “Alondra parda” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 147 (Cinclodes).
● ex “Sucrier Namaquois” or “Sucrier à Caleçon Blanc” of Levaillant 1812, pl. 296 (Cinnyris).
● "77. SCOLOPAX.  ...  fusca.  3. S. rostro arcuato, pedibus rubris, corpore fusco, cauda basi alba.  Numenius fuscus. Catesb. car. I. p. 83. t. 83.  Habitat in America.  Antecedentes 1. 2. 3. structura nimis affines, sed colore corporis diversæ." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Eudocimus albus ☼) (see ruber and albus).
● ex “Brown-headed Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Euphagus carolinus).
● ex “Martin-pêcheur de la côte Malabar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 894 (syn. Halcyon smyrnensis).
● "69. LARUS.  ...  fuscus.  4. L. albus, dorso fusco. Fn. svec. 126.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Larus).
● ex “Brown Merganser” (= ♀) of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Lophodytes cucullatus).
● ex “Mésange Brune à Poitrine Noire” of Levaillant 1804, pl. 139, fig. 1 (syn. Melaniparus afer).
● ex “Brown-headed Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Molothrus ater).
● (Boddaert 1783) ex “Vautour de Malthe” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 427 (= ☼) (syn. Neophron percnopterus).
● (J. Gmelin 1788) ex “Vultur fuscus” of Brisson 1760, “Vautour de Malthe” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 427, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Avoltojo Griffone” of Cetti 1776 (syn. Neophron percnopterus).
● ex “Brown Pelican” of Latham 1785 (syn. Pelecanus occidentalis).
● ex Tringa lobata Linnaeus, 1758, and “Phalarope cendré” and “Phalarope brun” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Phalaropus lobatus).
● ex “Little Dusky Parrot” of Edwards 1764 (Pionus).
● ex “Merle huppé du cap de bonne Espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 563, fig. 1 (syn. Pycnonotus cafer).
● ex “Black-cap Fly-catcher” of Catesby 1731-1743, and Latham 1783, “Muscicapa carolinensis fusca” of Brisson 1760, “Gobe-mouche noirâtre de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black-headed Fly-catcher of Pennant 1785 (syn. Sayornis phoebe).
● ex “Brown Tody” of Latham 1781 (unident.).