Lesser Shortwing

SCI Name:  Brachypteryx leucophris
Protonym:  Myiothera leucophrys Pl.Col. livr.74 [=livr.75] pl.448 fig.1
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Muscicapidae / Brachypteryx
Taxonomy Code:  lessho1
Type Locality:  Java.
Author:  Temminck
Publish Year:  1828
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

BRACHYPTERYX
(Muscicapidae; Ϯ Javan Shortwing B. montana) Gr. βραχυς brakhus  short; πτερυξ pterux, πτερυγος pterugos  wing (cf. βραχυπτερος brakhupteros  short-winged  < βραχυς brakhus  short; πτερον pteron  wing); "Gen. 22. BRACHYPTERYX.  Rostrum mediocre, subcultratum, basi latius, ultra medium subconicum, attenuatum.  Culmen inter nares carinatum, deinde rotundatum, apicem versus arcuatum, emarginatum.  Mandibula lateribus marginatis, apice inclinata; tomiis maxillæ mandibulæque subinflexis.  Nares maximæ, in fovea subrotunda basali elongata obtusa sitæ; supra et postice membrana clausæ.  Alæ brevissimæ: remiges integræ, 1 subspuria, 2—5 gradatim increscentes, 5—10 subæquales longiores, reliquæ gradatim breviores.  Cauda rotundata.  Pedes elongati.  Digitus medius longissimus.  Ungues compressissimi, hallucis medio duplo majore, fortius arcuato.   The characters which distinguish this genus from Motacilla are the robustness of the bill, the arch or curvature of the culmen or back, the margin and inclination of the lower mandibule, and the size and protrusion of the nares.  It possesses likewise peculiarities in the shortness of the wings and the elevation of the tarsi.   Spec. 1. Brachypteryx montana.  ...  Ketek Javanis.   ...   Spec. 2. Brachypteryx sepiaria.  ...  Chichohan Javanis." (Horsfield 1821); "Brachypteryx Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, p. 157. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 41), Brachypteryx montana Horsfield." (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 14).  
Var. Brachypterix, Brachypterux.
Synon. Goldana.
● (Rallidae; syn. Gallirallus Ϯ Weka G. australis) "The third skull, with a beak like that of the Porphyrio and Brachypteryx was referred to the same family—'Rallidæ'—to which those genera belong.  ...  In these characters the Brachypteryx or Short-winged Rail of New Zealand more resembles Notornis." (Owen 1848 (April 13)); "Amongst the rarer and more instructive parts of this collection are some portions of a sternum of a small species of Dinornis or Palapteryx, and two nearly entire sternums of the new genus Notornis, which belongs to the same family (Rallidæ) as the rare Brachypteryx or short-winged Rail of New Zealand." (Owen 1848 (April 22)); "Genus Brachypteryx.   1280. The skeleton of the Short-winged Rail of New Zealand (Brachypteryx Australis)." (Owen 1853) (Laurent Raty in litt.)"Brachypteryx Owen, 1853, Descr. Cat. Ost. Ser. Mus. Roy. Coll. Surgeons, I, p. 237.  Type, by monotypy, Brachypteryx australis, i.e. Rallus australis Sparrman, 1786." (JAJ 2021).  

Brachypterus
(Falconidae; syn. Micrastur Ϯ Collared Forest Falcon M. semitorquatus) Specific name Falco brachypterus Temminck, 1822 (= syn. Micrastur semitorquatus); "LES BRACHYPTÈRES (¹)  Forment une petite tribu qui s'éloigne des éperviers ordinaires par quelques traits de physionomie  ... leurs ailes sont courtes ou dépassent à peine le croupion  ... Le type de cette tribu est l'autour brachyptère de M. Temminck  ... (¹) Brachypterus, Less." (Lesson 1838); "Brachypterus (not of Latreille, 1819, nor of Kugelann, 1794) Lesson, Compl. Buffon, 7, p. 113, 1836—type, by tautonymy, Falco brachypterus Temminck = Sparvius semitorquatus Vieillot." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (4), p. 242).
Var. Brachypteryx.

leucophris / leucophrus
Gr. λευκοφρυς leukophrus, λευκοφρυος leukophruos  white-browed  < λευκος leukos  white; οφρυς ophrus, οφρυος ophruos  eyebrow.

SUBSPECIES

Lesser Shortwing (nipalensis)
SCI Name: Brachypteryx leucophris nipalensis
nipalense / nipalensis
Nepal or, formerly, Nipal or Nepaul. According to legend Nepal means "the place protected by the Hindu sage Ne."

Lesser Shortwing (carolinae)
SCI Name: Brachypteryx leucophris carolinae
carolinae
● Caroline Amanda La Touche née Focken (d. 1945) wife of Irish ornithologist John Digues La Touche (subsp. Brachypteryx leucophris).
● Caroline Bernus Baronin von Erlanger (1843-1918) mother of German ornithologist Victor Carl Heinrich Freiherr von Erlanger (subsp. Galerida theklae).
● Karoline Augusta Princess of Bavaria (1792-1873) Crown-Princess of Württemberg, Empress-Consort of Austria and Queen-Consort of Hungary and Bohemia (syn. Guaruba guarouba).
● Caroline M. Rozendaal-Kortekaas (fl. 2013) collector and wife of Dutch ornithologist Frank G. Rozendaal (Horornis).
● Carolina Lydia Junge née Slingervoet Ramondt (b. 1904) wife of Dutch zoologist Dr George Christofell Alexander Junge (subsp. Macgregoria pulchra, subsp. Pitohui kirhocephalus).
● Caroline Elisabeth Louise von Breidenbach zu Breidenstein Baronin von Rosenberg (fl. 1888) wife of German naturalist and explorer Carl Freiherr von Rosenberg (Björn Bergenholtz and Laurent Raty in litt.) (Tanysiptera).
● Caroline Ash (fl. 1981) daughter of British ornithologist and collector John Ash (subsp. Turdoides squamulata).
● Carrie McGregor Brandt (fl. 1937) wife of US ornithologist Herbert William Brandt (subsp. Vireo huttoni).

Lesser Shortwing (langbianensis)
SCI Name: Brachypteryx leucophris langbianensis
langbianensis / langbianis
Lang Bian Plateau, Annam (= central Vietnam).

Lesser Shortwing (wrayi)
SCI Name: Brachypteryx leucophris wrayi
wrayi
Leonard Wray, Jr. (1852-1942) British civil servant in Malaya, Director of Museums Federated Malay States 1905-1908 (subsp. Aethopyga saturata, subsp. Brachypteryx leucophris, subsp. Chrysophlegma flavinucha, subsp. Erythrogenys hypoleucos, subsp. Heterophasia picaoides, syn. Pericrocotus solaris montanus).

Lesser Shortwing (leucophris)
SCI Name: Brachypteryx leucophris leucophris
leucophris / leucophrus
Gr. λευκοφρυς leukophrus, λευκοφρυος leukophruos  white-browed  < λευκος leukos  white; οφρυς ophrus, οφρυος ophruos  eyebrow.