Laughing Gull

SCI Name:  Leucophaeus atricilla
Protonym:  Larus Atricilla Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.136
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Laridae / Leucophaeus
Taxonomy Code:  laugul
Type Locality:  America = Bahama Islands, ex Catesby.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

leucophaeus
Gr. λευκοφαιος leukophaios  whitish-grey, ash-coloured.
● ex “Drongri” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 170 (Dicrurus).

Leucophaeus
(syn. Larus Ϯ Dolphin Gull L. scoresbii) Gr. λευκοφαιος leukophaios  whitish-grey, ash-coloured  < λευκος leukos  white; φαιος phaios  dusky (cf. λευκοφαης leukophaēs  gleaming white); "XII. Leucophaeus Bp.  Schmuckmöven.  Gefieder dunkel, gegen den Schwanz hin lichter werdend.  Schnabel und Füsse dick und stark.  Schwimmhäute stark ausgeschnitten.   62) haematorhynchus King.   Süd-America." (Bruch 1853); "212. Leucophaeus, Bp. 1852.  (Leucophaius. - Larus, part., Gr.)  Rostrum robustissimum: pedes validi; membrana interdigitali profunde excisa; halluce brevissimo, ungue obtuso.  Alae elongatae; remigibus nigris: cauda aequalis.  Color obscurus, caudam versus dilutior.  Analogiam cum PROCELLARIIDIS et cum LAREO genere BLASIPA praebet.    Am. m. occ.  3.    1. LARUS scoresbii, Trail. (haematorhynchus, King.   ...   *2. LARUS fuliginosus, Gould.  (Adelarus neptunus, Bp. in litt. adult - Ad. belcheri, p. Bruch. - Ad. fuliginosus, Bp. 1854. - Leucophaes fuliginosus, Bp.)   ...   3. LARUS belcheri, Vig. 1829." (Bonaparte 1857); "Leucophaeus (Bonaparte MS.) Bruch, Journ. Orn., 1, p. 108, 1853—type, by monotypy, Larus haematorhynchus King = Larus scoresbii Traill." (Hellmayr & Conover 1948, XIII, 251).   Var. Leucophaius, Leucophoeus.

atricilla
L. ater  black; Mod. L. cilla  tail (see Motacilla).
● "LARVS Atricilla. An varietas?   DESCRIPTIO. Per omnia Atricillae auis similis est, cuius Iconem exhibeo, rostro quoque sanguineo, pedibus que nigris. Differt autem capite nigro albo que maculato, et magnitudine multo minor conspicuus est. Dorsum pariter canum; et prona pars corporis alba.  Ad Tscherkask tantum vrbem vidi" (S. Gmelin 1771) (syn. Hydroprogne caspia).
● "69. LARUS.  ...  Atricilla.  5. L. albus, capite alarumque apicibus nigris, rostro rubro.  Larus major. Catesb. car. 1. p. 89. t. 89.  Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758). An erroneous epithet in the case of the white-tailed, black-headed Laughing Gull, where Linnaeus undoubtedly meant to use atricapilla but misread his own shorthand (although Catesby’s 1731, plate could give the impression of a black-tailed bird) (Larus).

Atricilla
(Laridae; syn. Larus † Laughing Gull L. atricilla) Specific name Larus atricilla Linnaeus, 1758; "14. Atricilla, Bp.   51. Catesbaei, Bp. . . . . . ex Am. s. occ.   *52. minor, Bp. . . . . . ex Antillis.   53. macroptera, Bp. . . . . . ex Am. mer." (Bonaparte 1854); "Atricilla Bonaparte, Naumannia, 1854, p. 212, 1854—type, by tautonymy [Atricilla catesbaei Bp. =], Larus atricilla Linnaeus." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 254).

SUBSPECIES

Laughing Gull (megalopterus)
SCI Name: Leucophaeus atricilla megalopterus
megalopterus
Gr. μεγαλως megalōs  exceedingly  < μεγας megas, μεγαλη megalē  great; -πτερος -pteros -winged  < πτερον pteron  wing (cf. μεγαλοπτερυγος megalopterugos  with large wings).

Laughing Gull (atricilla)
SCI Name: Leucophaeus atricilla atricilla
atricilla
L. ater  black; Mod. L. cilla  tail (see Motacilla).
● "LARVS Atricilla. An varietas?   DESCRIPTIO. Per omnia Atricillae auis similis est, cuius Iconem exhibeo, rostro quoque sanguineo, pedibus que nigris. Differt autem capite nigro albo que maculato, et magnitudine multo minor conspicuus est. Dorsum pariter canum; et prona pars corporis alba.  Ad Tscherkask tantum vrbem vidi" (S. Gmelin 1771) (syn. Hydroprogne caspia).
● "69. LARUS.  ...  Atricilla.  5. L. albus, capite alarumque apicibus nigris, rostro rubro.  Larus major. Catesb. car. 1. p. 89. t. 89.  Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758). An erroneous epithet in the case of the white-tailed, black-headed Laughing Gull, where Linnaeus undoubtedly meant to use atricapilla but misread his own shorthand (although Catesby’s 1731, plate could give the impression of a black-tailed bird) (Larus).