Ivory-billed Aracari

SCI Name:  Pteroglossus azara
Protonym:  Ramphastos Azara Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat. 34 p.282
Taxonomy:  Piciformes / Ramphastidae / Pteroglossus
Taxonomy Code:  ivbara1
Type Locality:  Brazil.
Author:  Vieillot
Publish Year:  1819
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PTEROGLOSSUS
(Ramphastidae; Ϯ Black-necked Araçari P. aracari) Gr. πτερον pteron  feather; γλωσσα glōssa  tongue; "GENUS 4. PTEROGLOSSUS (πτερον penna  γλωσσα lingua) (Federzüngler Germ. Aracari Gall.)   Rostrum capite longius, crassum, tenue, inane, cultratum, basi margine incrassato, maxillae angulo frontali obtuso. Tomia serrata.  Nares superae, in maxillae basi. Lingua mediocris, angusta, pennacea.  Cauda gradata.  Pedes scansorii. Digiti externi internis longiores. Acropodia scutulata.   Species: Ramphastos Aracari, viridis Lin." (Illiger 1811); "Pteroglossus Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 202. Type, by subsequent designation, Ramphastos aracari Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 50.)" (Peters 1948, VI, 74).   
Synon. Aracari, Baillonius, Beauharnaisius, Grammarhynchus, Pyrosterna, Rhagoborus, Ulocomus.

azara / azarae / azarai / azarii
Brig.-Gen. Félix Manuel de Azara (1746-1821) Spanish Army, engineer, cartographer, boundary commissioner commanding the Paraguay-Brazil frontier 1781-1801, naturalist (syn. Alectrurus tricolor, syn. Anas flavirostris (ex “Pato pico amarillo y negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 439), syn. Ara glaucogularis, subsp. Basileuterus auricapilla, syn. Buteogallus coronatus, syn. Heliomaster furcifer (ex "Picaflor blanco debaxo" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 297) (Laurent Raty in litt.), syn. Heteroxolmis dominicana, syn. Hydropsalis torquata furcifer, syn. Larus dominicanus (ex "La Mayor" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 409), syn. Milvago chimango, syn. Nyctibius aethereus, syn. Ochthodromus collaris, syn. Phimosus infuscatus, syn. Picumnus cirratus (ex "Carpintero enano" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 260), syn. Piranga flava (ex "Habia amarilla" and "Habia punzo" of de Azara 1802-1805, nos. 87-88), Pteroglossus (ex “Aracari Azara” of Levaillant 1807), subsp. Saltator coerulescens, syn. Scaphidura oryzivora (ex “Tordo Grande” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 60), Synallaxis, syn. Tachuris rubrigastra, syn. Tityra inquisitor).

SUBSPECIES

Ivory-billed Aracari (Yellow-billed)
SCI Name: Pteroglossus azara flavirostris
flavirostre / flavirostris
L. flavus  yellow, golden-yellow; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.
● ex “Pato pico amarillo y negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 439 (Anas).
● "98. FRINGILLA.  ...  flavirostris.  21. F. fusca, rostro flavicante. Faun. svec. 204.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Linaria).
● ex “Favorite de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 897, “Favorite” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Favourite Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (Porphyrio).

Ivory-billed Aracari (Ivory-billed)
SCI Name: Pteroglossus azara azara
azara / azarae / azarai / azarii
Brig.-Gen. Félix Manuel de Azara (1746-1821) Spanish Army, engineer, cartographer, boundary commissioner commanding the Paraguay-Brazil frontier 1781-1801, naturalist (syn. Alectrurus tricolor, syn. Anas flavirostris (ex “Pato pico amarillo y negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 439), syn. Ara glaucogularis, subsp. Basileuterus auricapilla, syn. Buteogallus coronatus, syn. Heliomaster furcifer (ex "Picaflor blanco debaxo" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 297) (Laurent Raty in litt.), syn. Heteroxolmis dominicana, syn. Hydropsalis torquata furcifer, syn. Larus dominicanus (ex "La Mayor" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 409), syn. Milvago chimango, syn. Nyctibius aethereus, syn. Ochthodromus collaris, syn. Phimosus infuscatus, syn. Picumnus cirratus (ex "Carpintero enano" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 260), syn. Piranga flava (ex "Habia amarilla" and "Habia punzo" of de Azara 1802-1805, nos. 87-88), Pteroglossus (ex “Aracari Azara” of Levaillant 1807), subsp. Saltator coerulescens, syn. Scaphidura oryzivora (ex “Tordo Grande” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 60), Synallaxis, syn. Tachuris rubrigastra, syn. Tityra inquisitor).

Ivory-billed Aracari (Brown-billed)
SCI Name: Pteroglossus azara mariae
mariae
• Female eponym; dedicatee not yet identified; "LE C. DE MARIE.  T. MARIÆ.  ...  Patrie: Vénézuela." (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846, Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Agric. Ind. Lyon, IX, p. 319); the possibilities are legion: Mulsant's mother was Marie Anne Victoire Mulsant née Jacquetton (1777-1854), his five daughters included Marie Rosalie Mulsant (1817-1841), Pauline Marie Mulsant (b. 1829), Marie Joséphine Caroline Mulsant (1833-1841), and Marie Jules Victorine Mulsant (b. 1842), his favourite grand-daughter was Marie Françoise Victoire Deduit (fl. 1846) who accompanied her grandfather on trips, his aunt was Marie Rosalie Etiennette Tuffet née Mulsant (d. 1834), and then we have Maria Sybilla Merian (1647-1717) Swiss-German botanical artist and entomologist in Surinam 1699-1701, and Marie-Rose Wachanru née Gaudemard (1821-1853) French entomologist, both of whom Mulsant admired (see julie) (syn. Amazilia beryllina).
• Marie Duclos (fl. 1850) mother of French zoologist Jean-Paul Coinde (syn. Bombycilla cedrorum).
• Margit Mária von Madarász née Ligeti (1862-1951) wife of Hungarian ornithologist Gyula von Madarász (subsp. Bradypterus lopezi).
• Mary Alexander (1843-1905) mother of explorer Capt. Boyd Alexander (syn. Calonectris edwardsii, subsp. Urolais epichlorus).
• Maria Madre I., Tres Marias Is., Mexico (subsp. Cardinalis cardinalis).
• Florence Mary Benson née Lanham (1909-1993) South African botanist, artist, wife of English ornithologist Constantine Benson (Björn Bergenholtz and Laurent Raty in litt.) (syn. Cisticola njombe, Nesillas, subsp. Zoonavena grandidieri).
• Mary Jane Hargitt (1832-1907) sister of Scottish ornithologist Edward Hargitt (cf. his mother Mary Hargitt née Bagley (1811-1853)) (Paul Scofield in litt.) (syn. Colaptes melanochloros).
• Mary Ella Terry née McLennan (1888-1967) wife of US geologist Robert A. Terry (subsp. Colinus cristatus).
• Marie-Izabel Ottonia von Jenisch Baronin von Plessen (1906-1971) wife of German ornithologist Victor Baron von Plessen (syn. Dicaeum maugei neglectum).
• Dr Stella Marie Aglaé Leche Deignan (1901-1993) US anthropologist, wife of ornithologist H. G. Deignan (subsp. Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum).
• Lady Mary Jane Macgregor née Cocks (1863-1919) wife of colonial governor and explorer Sir William Macgregor (syn. Loria loriae).
• Female eponym; dedicatee not yet identified (Dementiev, 1932, Alauda, 4, p. 7) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); perhaps after a relative of the Russian ornithologists Georgiy P. Dementiev or Sergei A. Buturlin, or the collector Brzesinski (syn. Loxia curvirostra guillemardi).
• Édouard Auguste Marie (1835-1889) French commissariat civil servant in New Caledonia 1869, conchologist, collector (Megalurulus).
• Elizabeth Mary La Touche (1907-1973) daughter of Irish ornithologist J. D. Digues La Touche (subsp. Minla ignotincta).
• Mary Moncrieffe Ripley née Livingston (1914-1996) US amateur botanist, entomologist, wife of ornithologist Dr Sidney Dillon Ripley II (subsp. Leptocoma aspasia, subsp. Lonchura teerinki, subsp. Pericrocotus ethologus, syn. Phylloscopus fuscatus).
• Mary Alice Ramsay née Hogg (d. 1951) wife of ornithologist Col. R. G. W. Ramsay (syn. Pomatorhinus ferruginosus albogularis).
• Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna (1819-1876) eldest daughter of Tzar Nicholas I of Russia and wife of Maximilian de Beauharnais Prince of Eichstädt and 3rd Duke of Leuchtenburg (subsp. Pteroglossus azara).
• Marie Jacquinot (born Sylvie Eugénie Pinot or Pinault or Pinaud) (1794-1857) mother of French surgeon-naturalist Honoré Jacquinot (subsp. Ptilinopus perousii).
• Mary Elizabeth Baker née Waddell (1913-2000) wife of US zoologist and biogeographer Lt. Rollin Harold Baker (subsp. Rhipidura rufifrons).