Green-headed Oriole

SCI Name:  Oriolus chlorocephalus
Protonym:  Oriolus chlorocephalus Ibis p.183 pl.4
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Oriolidae / Oriolus
Taxonomy Code:  grhori1
Type Locality:  Mt. Chiradzulu, Nyasaland.
Author:  Shelley
Publish Year:  1896
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

ORIOLUS
(Oriolidae; Ϯ Eurasian Golden Oriole O. oriolus) Med. L. oriolus  Golden Oriole; this onomatopoeia echoes the melodic calls of the Eurasian Golden Oriole which are such a distinctive feature of European woodlands in the spring; "52. ORIOLUS.  Rostrum conicum, convexum, acutissimum, rectum: mandibula superiore paulo longiore, obsolete emarginata.  Lingua bifida, acuta.  Pedes ambulatorii." (Linnaeus 1766): based on "Oriolus" and "Chlorion" of Gessner 1555, "Picus nidum suspendens" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, "Galbula" of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, "Turdus luteus" of Frisch 1733-1743, "Coracias Oriolus" of Linnaeus 1746, and "Oriolus luteus" of Linnaeus 1750; "Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 160. Type, by virtual tautonymy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus = Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758.   ...   Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic name Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, by the suppression of older homonym published by Brisson, 1760.  Direction 21, Inter. Comm. Zool. Nomen., 1, Sec. C (C. 12): 161; 178, 1955." (Greenway in Peters 1962, XV, 122). Linnaeus's Oriolus comprised twenty species (O. Galbula, O. chinensis, O. melanocephalus, O. Icterus, O. phoeniceus, O. hæmorrhous, O. persicus, O. mexicanus (No. 8), O. guianensis, O. Baltimore, O. spurius, O. Bonana, O. mexicanus (No. 13), O. dominicensis, O. cayanensis, O. icterocephalus, O. melancholicus, O. capensis, O. aureus, O. chrysocephalus).    
Var. Gridus, Oriotus, Orioblus, Eriolus.   
Synon. Amimeta, Analcipus, Artamia, Baruffius, Broderipornis, Broderipus, Chloreus, Erythrolanius, Euchlorites, Mimeta, Mimetes, Neomimeta, Philocarpus, Psaropholus, Xanthonotus.
• (Icteridae; syn. Icterus † Venezuelan Troupial I. icterus) "GENUS 28.  ORIOLUS Lin. Scopoli Lath. Dum. Icterus Briss. Cuv. La Cép.  Xanthornus La Cép.  (Gilbvogel Germ.  Troupiale, Carouge Gall.  Oriole Angl.)  ...  Species: Oriolus Icterus, Cayanensis Lin." (Illiger 1811); "Oriolus (not of Linnaeus, 1766) Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 214, 1811—type, by subs. desig. (Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 435, 1930), Oriolus icterus Linnaeus." (Hellmayr, 1937, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. X, p. 102).

oriolus
Med. L. oriolus and aureolus  golden oriole, from its flute-like call (cf. L. aureolus  golden  < aurum  gold).
● ex “Troupiale” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 532 (syn. Icterus icterus).
● "49. CORACIAS.  ...  Oriolus.  3. C. flava alis caudaque nigris.  Ampelis flava, artibus nigris, rectricibus quinque exterioribus restrorsum flavis. Act. Stockh. 1750. p. 127. t. 3. f. 5.  Oriolus. Gesn. av. . . .  Galbula. Aldr. orn. 854. t. 857. 858.  Galbula benghalensis. Edw. av. 185. t. 185.  Picus nidum suspendens. Will. orn. . . t. 36. f. 6. & t. 38. f. 4. Jonst. av. 112. t. 41. f. 8. Raj. av. 68.  Flava avis benghalensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 19. t. 20.  Habitat in Europa, Asia, migratoria avis." (Linnaeus 1758) (Oriolus).

chlorocephala / chlorocephalus
Gr. χλωρος khlōros  green; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● ex “Pic à gorge jaune de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 784, “Petit pic à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow-headed Woodpecker” of Latham 1782 (syn. Piculus flavigula).
● ex “Martin-pêcheur à tête verte du Cap de Bonne Espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 783, fig. 2, and “Green-headed Kingsfisher” of Latham 1782 (syn. Todiramphus chloris).

SUBSPECIES

Green-headed Oriole (Green-headed)
SCI Name: Oriolus chlorocephalus chlorocephalus/amani
ORIOLUS
(Oriolidae; Ϯ Eurasian Golden Oriole O. oriolus) Med. L. oriolus  Golden Oriole; this onomatopoeia echoes the melodic calls of the Eurasian Golden Oriole which are such a distinctive feature of European woodlands in the spring; "52. ORIOLUS.  Rostrum conicum, convexum, acutissimum, rectum: mandibula superiore paulo longiore, obsolete emarginata.  Lingua bifida, acuta.  Pedes ambulatorii." (Linnaeus 1766): based on "Oriolus" and "Chlorion" of Gessner 1555, "Picus nidum suspendens" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, "Galbula" of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, "Turdus luteus" of Frisch 1733-1743, "Coracias Oriolus" of Linnaeus 1746, and "Oriolus luteus" of Linnaeus 1750; "Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 160. Type, by virtual tautonymy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus = Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758.   ...   Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic name Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, by the suppression of older homonym published by Brisson, 1760.  Direction 21, Inter. Comm. Zool. Nomen., 1, Sec. C (C. 12): 161; 178, 1955." (Greenway in Peters 1962, XV, 122). Linnaeus's Oriolus comprised twenty species (O. Galbula, O. chinensis, O. melanocephalus, O. Icterus, O. phoeniceus, O. hæmorrhous, O. persicus, O. mexicanus (No. 8), O. guianensis, O. Baltimore, O. spurius, O. Bonana, O. mexicanus (No. 13), O. dominicensis, O. cayanensis, O. icterocephalus, O. melancholicus, O. capensis, O. aureus, O. chrysocephalus).    
Var. Gridus, Oriotus, Orioblus, Eriolus.   
Synon. Amimeta, Analcipus, Artamia, Baruffius, Broderipornis, Broderipus, Chloreus, Erythrolanius, Euchlorites, Mimeta, Mimetes, Neomimeta, Philocarpus, Psaropholus, Xanthonotus.
• (Icteridae; syn. Icterus † Venezuelan Troupial I. icterus) "GENUS 28.  ORIOLUS Lin. Scopoli Lath. Dum. Icterus Briss. Cuv. La Cép.  Xanthornus La Cép.  (Gilbvogel Germ.  Troupiale, Carouge Gall.  Oriole Angl.)  ...  Species: Oriolus Icterus, Cayanensis Lin." (Illiger 1811); "Oriolus (not of Linnaeus, 1766) Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 214, 1811—type, by subs. desig. (Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 435, 1930), Oriolus icterus Linnaeus." (Hellmayr, 1937, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. X, p. 102).

Green-headed Oriole (Gorongosa)
SCI Name: Oriolus chlorocephalus speculifer
speculifer / speculifera / speculiferum / speculiferus
Mod. L. speculifer  bearing mirrors  < L. speculum, speculi  mirror  < specere  to look at; -fera  -bearing  < ferre  to bear.