Green Broadbill

SCI Name:  Calyptomena viridis
Protonym:  Calyptomena viridis Trans.Linn.Soc.London(1), 13 p.295
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Calyptomenidae / Calyptomena
Taxonomy Code:  grebro1
Type Locality:  Forests of Singapore and the interior of Sumatra; restricted to Bencoolen district by Robinson and Kloss, antea, 1923.
Author:  Raffles
Publish Year:  1822
IUCN Status:  Near Threatened

DEFINITIONS

CALYPTOMENA
(Calyptomenidae; Ϯ Green Broadbill C. viridis) Gr. καλυπτος kaluptos  covered  < καλυπτω kaluptō  to conceal; μηνη mēnē  moon; "The first, which I propose to name Calyptomena (a καλυπτω, velo), is characterized as follows:  Bill depressed and broad at the base, hooked at the point, and almost concealed by the feathers of the head.  Nostrils round.  Tongue short.  Feet gressorial.    CALYPTOMENA VIRIDIS.  BURONG TAMPO PINANG.   ...  This very singular and beautiful bird is about six inches and a half in length.  Its colour is a brilliant green, like that of the Parrots.  The head is rather large, and its feathers are directed forwards from each side in such a manner as nearly to conceal the bill, giving the face a very peculiar appearance." (Raffles 1822); "Calyptomena Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822, p. 295. Type, by monotypy, Calyptomena viridis Raffles." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 12).
Var. Caliptomena, Calyptomene, Calyptomaena, Calyptomina, Calyptomeina, Calyptomenes.

viridis
L. viridis  green  < virere  to be green.
● ex “Merle olive des grandes Indes” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 1 (syn. Acritillas indica).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Ailuroedus crassirostris).
● ex “Porphyrio viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Poule-Sultane verte” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Amaurornis akool).
● ex “Meunier de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 861 (syn. Amazona farinosa).
● ex “Grande pie-grièche verdâtre de Madagascar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 374, and “Tcha-chert-bé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Artamella).
● ex “Olivert” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 125 (syn. Camaroptera brachyura).
● ex “Coucou verd d’Antigue” of Sonnerat 1776 (Centropus).
● ex “Tourterelle de Java” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 177 (syn. Chalcophaps indica).
● ex “Grimpereau verd de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 682, fig. 1 (= ♀) (syn. Chlorophanes spiza).
● ex “Grimpereau verd du cap de Bonne Espérance” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Cinnyris afer).
● ex “Habia verde” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 89 (Cyclarhis).
● ex “Yellow-brested Chat” of Catesby 1731, “Merula viridis carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merle vert de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Chattering Fly-catcher” of Latham 17783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Icteria virens).
● ex “Icterus minor viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Troupiale de Saint Domingue” or “Siffleur” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 236, fig. 1, and “Whistler-Oriole” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Icterus galbula).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” (= ☼) of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Icterus galbula (see below)).
● ex “Gallinula brasiliensis” or “Jacana” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana vert” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana spinosa).
● ex “Green Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Leptopterus chabert).
● ex “Blue-green Paradise-bird” of Latham 1783 (syn. Manucodia chalybata).
● "57. MEROPS.  ...  viridis.  2. M. dorso ferrugineo, abdomine alisque viridibus, gula caudaque cæruleis.  Ispida viridis, supra ferruginea. Osb. iter. 96.  Merops viridis, supra ferruginea. Chin. lagerstr. 5.  Merops benghalensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 29. t. 30.  Merops minor, caudæ 2. pennis longioribus & tenuioribus. Edw. av. 183. t. 183.  Habitat in Java, Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758) (Merops).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Oriolus sagittatus).
● ex “Caracterizado verde y corona negra” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 210 (Pachyramphus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  viridis.  7. P. viridis, vertice coccineo. Fn. svec. 80.  Picus viridis. Gesn. av. 710. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 34. Will. ornith. 93. t. 21. Raj. av. 42. Alb. av. I. p. 18. t. 18. Frisch. av. . . t. 35. f. 1.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Picus).
● ex “Courly d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 819, and “Courlis vert” of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Plegadis falcinellus).
● ex “Jacana” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Petite Poule-Sultane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Cassique vert de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 328 (Psarocolius).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Pseudoleistes guirahuro (see above)).
● ex "Barbu de Mahé" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 870, "Barbu vert" of de Buffon 1770-1786, and "Green Barbet" of Latham 1782 (Psilopogon).
● "46. RAMPHASTOS.  ...  viridis.  1. R. viridis, abdomine flavo, uropygio rubro.  Tucana cajanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 423. t. 33. f. i.  Tucan pectore flavo. Edw. av. 253. t. 329.  Habitat in Cayana.." (Linnaeus 1766) (Pteroglossus).
● "104. COLUMBA.  ...  viridis.  23. C. ænea, corpore subtus purpuro-violaceo. Briss. av. 1. p. 152. t. 15. f. 2.  Habitat in Amboina.  Pedes rubent plumis semitecti. Br. Rostrum rubrum." (Linnaeus 1766) (Ptilinopus).
● ex “Malkoha Rouverdin” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 225 (syn. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris).
● ex “Green Partridge” of Latham 1783 (syn. Rollulus rouloul).
● ex “Râle de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 368; “The oldest name for this species is undoubtedly viridis of P. L. S. Müller, but I do not adopt it, as there is nothing green about the plumage of the bird” (Sharpe 1894) (to be fair to Statius Müller the plate by d’Aubenton does show a dark-olive-backed bird) (Rufirallus).
● ex "Pie-grièche Perrin" of Levaillant 1808: "Nous devons la connaissance de cette belle pie-grièche à M. Perrin, de Bordeaux" (Telophorus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche hupé du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 573, fig. 2 (Terpsiphone).
● ex “Hirondelle verte” of Temminck 1807 (Tersina).
● ex “Todier de Saint-Domingue” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 585, fig. 2 (syn. Todus subulatus).
● "61. TODUS.  ...  viridis.  1. T. viridis, pectore rubro.  Todus viridis, pectore rubra, rostro recto. Brown. jam. 476. Briss. av. 4. p. 528. t. 41. f. 2.  Rubecula viridis elegantissima. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 306. t.263. f. 1. Raj. av. 187. Edw. av. 121. t. 121.  Habitat in America.  Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Todus todus).
● "55. TROGON.  ...  viridis.  3. T. viridi aureus, subtus luteus, gula nigra.  Trogon cayanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 168. t. 17. f. 1.  β. Trogon cayanensis viridis, ventre candido. Briss. av. 4. p. 170.  Habitat in Cayania.  Fascia pectoralis viridi-aurea. An præcedentis varietas aut sexus?  Rectrices in hoc genere XII." (Linnaeus 1766) (Trogon).
● ex “Green-winged Hornbill” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but not a hornbill Bucerotidae).
● ex “Green Coly” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but probably not a mousebird Coliidae).
● ex “Green Wagtail” of Brown 1776 and Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Green Thrush” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Green Broadbill (viridis)
SCI Name: Calyptomena viridis viridis
viridis
L. viridis  green  < virere  to be green.
● ex “Merle olive des grandes Indes” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 1 (syn. Acritillas indica).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Ailuroedus crassirostris).
● ex “Porphyrio viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Poule-Sultane verte” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Amaurornis akool).
● ex “Meunier de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 861 (syn. Amazona farinosa).
● ex “Grande pie-grièche verdâtre de Madagascar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 374, and “Tcha-chert-bé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Artamella).
● ex “Olivert” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 125 (syn. Camaroptera brachyura).
● ex “Coucou verd d’Antigue” of Sonnerat 1776 (Centropus).
● ex “Tourterelle de Java” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 177 (syn. Chalcophaps indica).
● ex “Grimpereau verd de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 682, fig. 1 (= ♀) (syn. Chlorophanes spiza).
● ex “Grimpereau verd du cap de Bonne Espérance” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Cinnyris afer).
● ex “Habia verde” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 89 (Cyclarhis).
● ex “Yellow-brested Chat” of Catesby 1731, “Merula viridis carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merle vert de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Chattering Fly-catcher” of Latham 17783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Icteria virens).
● ex “Icterus minor viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Troupiale de Saint Domingue” or “Siffleur” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 236, fig. 1, and “Whistler-Oriole” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Icterus galbula).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” (= ☼) of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Icterus galbula (see below)).
● ex “Gallinula brasiliensis” or “Jacana” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana vert” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana spinosa).
● ex “Green Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Leptopterus chabert).
● ex “Blue-green Paradise-bird” of Latham 1783 (syn. Manucodia chalybata).
● "57. MEROPS.  ...  viridis.  2. M. dorso ferrugineo, abdomine alisque viridibus, gula caudaque cæruleis.  Ispida viridis, supra ferruginea. Osb. iter. 96.  Merops viridis, supra ferruginea. Chin. lagerstr. 5.  Merops benghalensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 29. t. 30.  Merops minor, caudæ 2. pennis longioribus & tenuioribus. Edw. av. 183. t. 183.  Habitat in Java, Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758) (Merops).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Oriolus sagittatus).
● ex “Caracterizado verde y corona negra” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 210 (Pachyramphus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  viridis.  7. P. viridis, vertice coccineo. Fn. svec. 80.  Picus viridis. Gesn. av. 710. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 34. Will. ornith. 93. t. 21. Raj. av. 42. Alb. av. I. p. 18. t. 18. Frisch. av. . . t. 35. f. 1.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Picus).
● ex “Courly d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 819, and “Courlis vert” of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Plegadis falcinellus).
● ex “Jacana” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Petite Poule-Sultane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Cassique vert de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 328 (Psarocolius).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Pseudoleistes guirahuro (see above)).
● ex "Barbu de Mahé" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 870, "Barbu vert" of de Buffon 1770-1786, and "Green Barbet" of Latham 1782 (Psilopogon).
● "46. RAMPHASTOS.  ...  viridis.  1. R. viridis, abdomine flavo, uropygio rubro.  Tucana cajanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 423. t. 33. f. i.  Tucan pectore flavo. Edw. av. 253. t. 329.  Habitat in Cayana.." (Linnaeus 1766) (Pteroglossus).
● "104. COLUMBA.  ...  viridis.  23. C. ænea, corpore subtus purpuro-violaceo. Briss. av. 1. p. 152. t. 15. f. 2.  Habitat in Amboina.  Pedes rubent plumis semitecti. Br. Rostrum rubrum." (Linnaeus 1766) (Ptilinopus).
● ex “Malkoha Rouverdin” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 225 (syn. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris).
● ex “Green Partridge” of Latham 1783 (syn. Rollulus rouloul).
● ex “Râle de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 368; “The oldest name for this species is undoubtedly viridis of P. L. S. Müller, but I do not adopt it, as there is nothing green about the plumage of the bird” (Sharpe 1894) (to be fair to Statius Müller the plate by d’Aubenton does show a dark-olive-backed bird) (Rufirallus).
● ex "Pie-grièche Perrin" of Levaillant 1808: "Nous devons la connaissance de cette belle pie-grièche à M. Perrin, de Bordeaux" (Telophorus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche hupé du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 573, fig. 2 (Terpsiphone).
● ex “Hirondelle verte” of Temminck 1807 (Tersina).
● ex “Todier de Saint-Domingue” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 585, fig. 2 (syn. Todus subulatus).
● "61. TODUS.  ...  viridis.  1. T. viridis, pectore rubro.  Todus viridis, pectore rubra, rostro recto. Brown. jam. 476. Briss. av. 4. p. 528. t. 41. f. 2.  Rubecula viridis elegantissima. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 306. t.263. f. 1. Raj. av. 187. Edw. av. 121. t. 121.  Habitat in America.  Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Todus todus).
● "55. TROGON.  ...  viridis.  3. T. viridi aureus, subtus luteus, gula nigra.  Trogon cayanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 168. t. 17. f. 1.  β. Trogon cayanensis viridis, ventre candido. Briss. av. 4. p. 170.  Habitat in Cayania.  Fascia pectoralis viridi-aurea. An præcedentis varietas aut sexus?  Rectrices in hoc genere XII." (Linnaeus 1766) (Trogon).
● ex “Green-winged Hornbill” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but not a hornbill Bucerotidae).
● ex “Green Coly” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but probably not a mousebird Coliidae).
● ex “Green Wagtail” of Brown 1776 and Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Green Thrush” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Green Broadbill (caudacuta)
SCI Name: Calyptomena viridis caudacuta
caudacuta / caudacutus
L. cauda  tail; acutus  sharp-pointed  < acuere  to sharpen to a point.
● ex “Sharp-tailed Oriole” of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (Ammospiza).
● ex “Cola de agujas” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 227 (Culicivora).

Green Broadbill (siberu)
SCI Name: Calyptomena viridis siberu
siberu
Siberut I., Mentawi Is., Sumatra.