Gilded Barbet

SCI Name:  Capito auratus
Protonym:  Bucco auratus Dict.Sci.Nat. 4 p.54
Taxonomy:  Piciformes / Capitonidae / Capito
Taxonomy Code:  gilbar1
Type Locality:  Peru; Sarayaqu [= Sarayacu], Rio Ucayali, suggested as the restricted type locality by Chapman, 1928, p. 5.
Author:  Dumont
Publish Year:  1816
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CAPITO
(Capitonidae; † Black-spotted Barbet C. niger) L. capito, capitonis  big-headed, big-head  < caput, capitis  head; "CABÉZON, Capito.  Bucco, Linn. Gm. Lath.  Bec garni à la base de soies divergentes, comprimé latéralement, entier, conico-convexe, incliné vers le bout.   Esp. Tamatia à tête et gorge rouges, Buff." (Vieillot 1816); "Capito Vieillot, Analyze [sic], 1816, p. 27.  Type, by monotypy, Tamatia à tête et gorge rouges of Buffon = Bucco niger P. L. S. Müller." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 24).
Synon. Ablas, Mycropogon, Nystactes, Parabarbatula.
• (Bucconidae; syn. Notharchus † White-necked Puffbird N. macrorhynchos); "TAMATIA (1), Capito. (Vieill.)  ... Esp. Bucco macrorynchos - (Collaris et fuscus le jeune (Vaill. pl. 42 et 43) - (Alcedo maculata. Bucco somnolentus (Licht.) ou le tamajac (Vaill. f. T.) et des espèces nouvelles. = Cuculus tenebrosus. - Bucco calcaratus. - Leucops (Licht.) - Cayanensis (Gmel.)  ...  (1) Toutes les espèces sont d'Amérique méridionale" (Temminck 1820); "Capito "Vieill." Temminck, 1820, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2nd ed., I, p. lxxvii (not of Vieillot, 1816).  Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 10), T. macrorhyncha, i.e. Bucco macrorhynchos Gmelin, 1788." (JAJ 2021).

capito
L. capito, capitonis  big-headed, large-headed  < caput, capitis  head.

auratum / auratus
L. auratus  gilded, ornamented with gold  < aurum  gold.
● ex “Barbu orangé du Pérou” of Levaillant 1806 (Capito).
● "52. CUCULUS.  ...  auratus.  8. C. cauda subforcipata, gula pectoreque nigris, nucha rubra.  Picus major, alis aureis. Catesb. car. I. p. 18. t. 18.  Habitat in Carolina.  Cauda refert Picum. Avis varia pulchra; rachis remigum primorum aurea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Colaptes).
● ex “Grenat” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Garnet-throated Hummingbird” of Latham 1782 (syn. Eulampis jugularis).
● ex “Merle de Madagascar” of Brisson 1760, and “Tanaombé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Hartlaubius).
● ex “Merle violet du royaume de Juida” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 540, and “Gilded Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Lamprotornis purpureus).
● ex “Loriodor” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 260 (Oriolus).
● ex Charadrius apricarius Linnaeus, 1758, and “Pluvier doré à gorge noire” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Pluvialis apricarius).
● ex “Batara pardo dorado” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 214 (= ♀) (syn. Thamnophilus caerulescens).

SUBSPECIES

Gilded Barbet (aurantiicinctus)
SCI Name: Capito auratus aurantiicinctus
aurantiicinctus
Late Med. L. aurantius  orange-coloured  < aurantia  orange; L. cinctus  girdle  < cingere  to encircle.

Gilded Barbet (hypochondriacus)
SCI Name: Capito auratus hypochondriacus
hypochondriaca / hypochondriacum / hypochondriacus
Gr. ὑποχονδριακος hupokhondriakos  of the abdomen  < ὑποχονδριον hupokhondrion  abdomen.

Gilded Barbet (nitidior)
SCI Name: Capito auratus nitidior
nitidior
L. nitidior, nitidioris  bright, beautiful  < comp. nitidus  shining  < nitere  to shine.

Gilded Barbet (punctatus)
SCI Name: Capito auratus punctatus
punctatum / punctatus
Mod. L. punctatus  spotted  < L. punctum  spot  < pungere  to puncture (cf. Med. L. punctatus  pointed).
● ex “Spotted Shag” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
● ex “Spotted Shrike” of Latham 1781, and “Tachet” of Levaillant 1805 (Thamnophilus).

Gilded Barbet (auratus)
SCI Name: Capito auratus auratus
auratum / auratus
L. auratus  gilded, ornamented with gold  < aurum  gold.
● ex “Barbu orangé du Pérou” of Levaillant 1806 (Capito).
● "52. CUCULUS.  ...  auratus.  8. C. cauda subforcipata, gula pectoreque nigris, nucha rubra.  Picus major, alis aureis. Catesb. car. I. p. 18. t. 18.  Habitat in Carolina.  Cauda refert Picum. Avis varia pulchra; rachis remigum primorum aurea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Colaptes).
● ex “Grenat” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Garnet-throated Hummingbird” of Latham 1782 (syn. Eulampis jugularis).
● ex “Merle de Madagascar” of Brisson 1760, and “Tanaombé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Hartlaubius).
● ex “Merle violet du royaume de Juida” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 540, and “Gilded Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Lamprotornis purpureus).
● ex “Loriodor” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 260 (Oriolus).
● ex Charadrius apricarius Linnaeus, 1758, and “Pluvier doré à gorge noire” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Pluvialis apricarius).
● ex “Batara pardo dorado” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 214 (= ♀) (syn. Thamnophilus caerulescens).

Gilded Barbet (orosae)
SCI Name: Capito auratus orosae
orosae
Río Orosa, Loreto, Peru.

Gilded Barbet (insperatus)
SCI Name: Capito auratus insperatus
insperata / insperatum / insperatus
L. insperatus  unexpected, unhoped for, unforeseen  < in-  not; speratus  expected  < sperare  to expect.
• "Capito auratus insperatus subsp. nov.  ...  I have a male from Todos Santos and a female from mouth of the San Antonio, Rio Espirito Santo, Bolivia, localities from which one might expect to find birds referable to the typical race, but the unspotted throat of the female indicates a closer relationship to a. intermedius or a. aurantiicinctus.  On the other hand, the total absence of an orange or cadmium-yellow wash on the middle of the breast and abdomen segregates it from both of those races.  Also the color of the crown and occiput is entirely distinct from that of any of the three known races of auratus, being sulphine-yellow without admixture of ochraceous-orange, and a much less amount of bronze gloss." (Cherrie 1916) (subsp. Capito auratus).
• "Ponape (or Puynipet), Seniavin group, Eastern Carolines.  Mr. Kubary, the well-known Godeffroyian traveller, has spent more than one year in exploring this island; but unfortunately all his collections were lost by the wreck of the ship.  The birds saved from this accident are referable to about nineteen species, of which no less than five are undescribed   ...   3. VOLVOCIVORA  INSPERATA, sp. nov.  Male like that of V. monacha, H. and F., but without black on the chin and throat, the whole under surface slate-grey; no distinct white margins on the inner webs of the primaries, and the outer tail-feathers broadly pointed with slate-grey.  Female totally different from that of V. monacha." (Finsch 1875) (Edolisoma).
• "Among the birds recently brought back by Doctor Joseph F. Rock, from exploring the high mountains of Yunnan and Szechwan under the auspices of the National Geographic Society, is an apparently unnamed specie of Fulvetta, a genus of small timaline birds inhabiting the high mountains of India and China.  It may be known from the following description:  Fulvetta insperata, sp. nov.  ...  Dr. Rock's men took both F. r. sordidior and the present bird at the same locality, otherwise I should have considered them only forms of the same species." (Riley 1930) (syn. Fulvetta ruficapilla sordidior).
• "Kimball's collection included two undescribed forms (of which one is here characterized) and a number of records which supplement the published information on the birds of the Brownsville region.   ...   Geothlypis trichas insperata, subsp. nov.  ...  Similar to Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnaeus) but bill larger, forehead more whitish, and general coloration paler." (Van Tyne 1933) (subsp. Geothlypis trichas).
• "GERYGONE  INSPERATA, n. s.   Head, cheeks, ear-coverts, scapulars, back and upper tail-coverts brown with a pale fulvous wash; a narrow palpebral ring white.  The lower surface and under tail-coverts white, rather sordid on the throat, and more distinctly stained with brown on the sides of the upper breast.  ...  One example in spirits, July, 1891, at between 6,000 and 7,000 feet." (DeVis 1892) (subsp. Gerygone ruficollis).
• "Since the publication of a paper by the writer entitled "Descriptions of Seventeen New Neotropical Birds" (Ann. Carnegie Mus., VIII, 1912, 198-214), the Carnegie Museum has received considerable new material from tropical America, while in addition four important families— Formicariidae, Furnariidae, Dendrocolaptidae, and Trochilidae— have been critically worked over, in all yielding a surprisingly large number of novelties.   ...   Microstilbon genus novum.  ...  Microstilbon insperatus sp. nov." (Todd 1913) (syn. Microstilbon burmeisteri).
• "Now I will drop Tamsuy and the past and speak of this vicinity and of my late acquisitions.  From the southern mountains I received, in December 1865, a new species of Titmouse of the Parus major, L., type, and closely allied to Parus monticolus, Vigors, of the Himalayas.  It is a very lovely species.   PARUS  INSPERATUS, sp. nov.  Similis P. monticolo, sed minor; uropygio cinereo nec dorso concolore; axillaribus, tibiis crissoque albis, nigro variis; collo sub gutta alba nuchali postice flavo.  ...  Habitat in montibus Formosæ meridionalibus."(Swinhoe 1866) (subsp. Parus monticolus).
• "ZELEDONIA  CORONATA   ...   The only specimen seen from the Volcan de Irazú is very different in coloration from any other specimen examined, but I am satisfied that the coloration is abnormal, indicating a condition of partial albinism.  It bears in Mr. Cherrie's handwriting on the label the name Zeledonia insperata Cherrie and, should other specimens from Irazú prove to be like it in coloration, that name would of course be available for it as representing a distinct form, which I consider altogether unlikely, since the Volcan de Irazú is intermediate in position between the volcanoes of Poás and Chiriqui, the birds of which are, so far as I am able to see, precisely alike in coloration." (Ridgway 1907) (syn. Zeledonia coronata).

Gilded Barbet (amazonicus)
SCI Name: Capito auratus amazonicus
amazonica / amazonicus / amazonina / amazoninum
Mod. L. Amazonicus or Amazoninus Amazonian, of Amazonia.
● ex “Ajuru Curuca” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Psittacus amazonicus” of Brisson 1760 (Amazona).