Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker

SCI Name:  Picoides tridactylus
Protonym:  Picus tridactylus Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.114
Taxonomy:  Piciformes / Picidae / Picoides
Taxonomy Code:  ettwoo1
Type Locality:  Sweden, Alps of Lapland and Dalekarlia, and Hudson Bay = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

PICOIDES
(Picidae; Ϯ Three-toed Woodpecker P. tridactylus) Genus Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling. The Three-toed Woodpecker was originally described by de Lacépède as being in an order (with Corvus, Coracias, Paradisea, Sitta, Buphaga) separate from the other woodpeckers in Order IV. “Comparative names.  ...  names, no less than the definitions of objects, should, where practicable, be drawn from positive and self-evident characters, and not from a comparison with other objects, which may be less known to the reader than the one before him ... The names Picoides ... Pseudoluscinia ... are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842); "ORDRE XI.  ...  46. PICOÏDE, Picoïdes.  Langue très-longue, extensible, ronde et garnie à son extrémité de petites pointes recourbées en arrière; chaque pied ne présentant que trois doigts" (de Lacépède 1799); "Picoïdes Lacépède, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 7. Type, by subsequent designation, Picus tridactylus Gmelin i.e. Picus tridactylus Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 54.)" (Peters 1948, VI, 215).
Synon. Apternus, Dryocolaptes, Pipodes, Tridactylia, Yungipicus.

picoides
Specific name Oriolus picus J. Gmelin, 1788; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "PICOID GRAKLE.  Gracula Picoides.  G. rufa, capite collo pectoreque albo maculatis, cauda subrotundata, rectricibus apice aculeatis.  ...  Oriolus Picus.  O. rufus, capite collo et pectore albo maculatis, cauda rotundata.  Lin. Gmel.  Le Talapiot.  Buff. ois.  Pl. Enl. 605.  Climbing Oriole.  Lath. syn.   ...    Native of Guiana, where it resides on trees, climbing in the manner of a Creeper or Woodpecker.  The straitness of the bill however, as Mr. Latham observes, prevents it being properly ranked with the Creepers, and the feet, being not formed in the same manner as in the Woodpeckers, equally prohibit it from being arranged under the genus Picus." (Shaw 1809) (syn. Xiphorhynchus picus).

tridactylus
Gr. τριδακτυλος tridaktulos  three-toed  < τρι- tri-  three-  < τρεις treis, τρια tria  three; δακτυλος daktulos  toe (cf. Mod. L. tridactylus  three-fingered) (see tridactyla).
● ex “Martin-pêcheur de l’île de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Ceyx melanurus).
● ex “Three-toed Grosbeak” of Latham 1783 (syn. Lybius guifsobalito).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  tridactylus.  13. P. albo nigroque varius, pedibus tridactylis. Fn. svec. 84. Act. Stockh. 1740. p. 222.  Picus tridactylus. Edw. av. 114. t. 114.  Picus tridatylos anomalus. Mus. petrop. 368.  Habitat in Svecia ad Alpes Lapponicas, Dalekarlicas frequens & ad sinum Hudsonis nec non in Sibiria.  Europæus vertice flavo, Americanus rubro est. Ani regio albida." (Linnaeus 1758) (Picoides).

Tridactylus
(syn. Turnix Ϯ Striped Buttonquail T. sylvaticus) Gr. τριδακτυλος tridaktulos  three-toed  < τρι- tri-  three-  < τρεις treis, τρια tria  three; δακτυλος daktulos  toe (cf. Mod. L. tridactylus  three-fingered); "70. TRIDACTYLE. Tridactylus.  { Le bec court; les ouvertures des narines, couvertes d'une callosité; une place auprès des yeux, dénuée de plumes; chaque pied ne présentant que trois doigts" (de Lacépède 1801) (see Turnix).  Var. Tridactilis, Trydactylus.

SUBSPECIES

Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker (Eurasian)
SCI Name: Picoides tridactylus [tridactylus Group]
PICOIDES
(Picidae; Ϯ Three-toed Woodpecker P. tridactylus) Genus Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling. The Three-toed Woodpecker was originally described by de Lacépède as being in an order (with Corvus, Coracias, Paradisea, Sitta, Buphaga) separate from the other woodpeckers in Order IV. “Comparative names.  ...  names, no less than the definitions of objects, should, where practicable, be drawn from positive and self-evident characters, and not from a comparison with other objects, which may be less known to the reader than the one before him ... The names Picoides ... Pseudoluscinia ... are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842); "ORDRE XI.  ...  46. PICOÏDE, Picoïdes.  Langue très-longue, extensible, ronde et garnie à son extrémité de petites pointes recourbées en arrière; chaque pied ne présentant que trois doigts" (de Lacépède 1799); "Picoïdes Lacépède, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 7. Type, by subsequent designation, Picus tridactylus Gmelin i.e. Picus tridactylus Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 54.)" (Peters 1948, VI, 215).
Synon. Apternus, Dryocolaptes, Pipodes, Tridactylia, Yungipicus.

Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker (Dark-bodied)
SCI Name: Picoides tridactylus funebris
funebrae / funebrea / funebris
L. funebris  funereal  < funus, funeris  funeral (cf. funebria  funeral rites).