Eurasian Skylark / Alauda arvensis
Eurasian Skylark
SCI Name:
Protonym: Alauda arvensis Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.165
Taxonomy: Passeriformes / Alaudidae / Alauda
Taxonomy Code: skylar
Type Locality: Europe = Sweden ex Fn. Svec, and restricted to Uppsala by Meinertzhagen, 1951, p. 128.
Author: Linnaeus
Publish Year: 1758
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al great; aud song; "93. ALAUDA. Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus. Lingua bifida. Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. Audala, Aulada, Alanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.
alauda
L. alauda lark.
● ex “Tracal” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 191 (unident.; ?Melanocorypha yeltoniensis).
Calandra
Unattested L. calandra Calandra Lark < Gr. καλανδρος kalandros Calandra Lark (Eddie Germiquet in litt.). "Calandre. Il semble que la diction Calandre vienne aux Françoys de la Greque Coridalus. Plusieurs s'abusent, prenants la grande espece de Grive pour Calandre, qui est erreur commune à plusieurs pourvoyeurs de la court. Les anciens n'ont fait aucune mention de la Calandre que l'ayons peu sçavoir, aussi est-ce un oyseau qu'on ne voirroit en France, n'estoit qu'on l'eust apporté en cage. Sa voix est hautaine, & chante melodieusement. C'est une espece d'Alouëtte, tellement que pour avoir la perspective de la Calandre, il se faut imaginer voir une Alouëtte, quasi aussi grande qu'un Estourneau. Parquoy qui diroit que la Calandre est une grande Alouëtte, ne faudroit" (Belon 1555).
● (Emberizidae; ?syn. Emberiza) Doubtless based on "Calandra" of Aldrovandus 1599 (= Emberiza calandra) (see Bengalis).
● (Alaudidae; syn. Melanocorypha Ϯ Calandra Lark M. calandra) "D'autres ont le bec si gros qu'on pourrait, sous ce rapport, les rapprocher des moineaux. Telle est La Calandre. (Al. calandra.) Enl., 363, 2. ... Mais surtout L'Alouette de Tartarie. (Al. Tatarica et mutabilis et tanagra Sibirica Gm.) Sparm., Mus. Carls., pl. xix" (Cuvier 1817); "Alauda, Sirli, Calandra" (Oken 1817); "29. An European Calander (Calandra Buffonii). Presented by Dr Leach" (Brookes 1830); "CONIROSTRES. Les Alouettes. - Alouette, Alauda; Calandre, Calandra; Sirli, ---?" (Wood 1836).
Var. Alanda.
● (Alaudidae; syn. Melanocorypha Ϯ Mongolian Lark M. mongolica) "4. Alauda mongolica, Pall. Itin. App. p. 697. No. 19. = Alauda (Calandra) mongolica. This is a very distinct species belonging to the subgenus Calandra or Melanocorypha, Boié, together with Alauda tatarica, A. leucoptera, Pall. and A. bimaculata, Menetries (Catal. des objets de zoologie du Caucase)" (Brandt 1843).
arvensis
L. arvensis of the field < arvum, arvi field < arare to plough.
● "93. ALAUDA. ... arvensis. 1. A. rectricibus extimis duabus extrorsum longitudinaliter albis: intermediis interiori latere ferrugineis. Fn. svec. 190. Alauda non cristata. Gesn. av. 78. Aldr. orn. l. 18. c. 12. Alauda vulgaris. Will. orn. 149. t. 40. Raj. av. 69. n. 1. Alb. av. 1. p. 39. t. 41. Alauda arvorum. Frisch. av. 3. t. 15. f. 1. Alauda cœlipeta. Klein. av. 71. Habitat in Europæ apricis. Volata perpendiculari in aëre suspensa cantillat: Ecce suum tirile, tirile, suum tirile tractat; Autumno sole occidente in retia compellitur. Hyeme pinguescit in australioribus carne sapidissima. Calculosis noxia." (Linnaeus 1758) (Alauda).
SUBSPECIES
Eurasian Skylark (European)
SCI Name: Alauda arvensis [arvensis Group]
ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al great; aud song; "93. ALAUDA. Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus. Lingua bifida. Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. Audala, Aulada, Alanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.
Eurasian Skylark (Asian)
SCI Name: Alauda arvensis [pekinensis Group]
ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al great; aud song; "93. ALAUDA. Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus. Lingua bifida. Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. Audala, Aulada, Alanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.
Eurasian Skylark (Far Eastern)
SCI Name: Alauda arvensis japonica/intermedia
ALAUDA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Eurasian Skylark A. arvensis) L. alauda lark; according to Pliny this was the Celtic name, meaning “great songstress,” for the Skylark < al great; aud song; "93. ALAUDA. Rostrum cylindrico-subulatum, rectum, recta protensum: Mandibulis æqualibus, basi deorsum dehiscentibus. Lingua bifida. Unguis posticus rectior, digito longior." (Linnaeus 1758); "Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825, Ill. Brit. Orn., 1 (Land Birds), p. xxix)." (Peters 1960, IX, p. 65). Linnaeus's Alauda comprised nine species (A. arvensis, A. pratensis, A. arborea, A. campestris, A. trivialis, A. cristata, A. Spinoletta, A. alpestris, A. magna).
Var. Audala, Aulada, Alanda.
Synon. Corydalis, Razocorys.
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)