Common Paradise-Kingfisher

SCI Name:  Tanysiptera galatea
Protonym:  Tanysiptera galatea Proc.Zool.Soc.London Pt(27)2 p.154
Taxonomy:  Coraciiformes / Alcedinidae / Tanysiptera
Taxonomy Code:  copkin1
Type Locality:  Dorey [now Manokwari], New Guinea.
Author:  Gray, GR
Publish Year:  1859
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TANYSIPTERA
(Alcedinidae; Ϯ Moluccan Paradise Kingfisher T. nais) Gr. τανυσιπτερος tanusipteros  long-feathered  < τανυ- tanu- long-  < τεινω teinō  to stretch;
-πτερος -pteros  -feathered  < πτερον pteron  feather; “That singular and beautiful species of the Linnean Alcedo, the Ternate Kingsfisher*, shows the equal approximation of that genus to Galbula, and a deviation from its own type. Its tail deserts the shortened character of that of the true Kingsfisher, and assumes the lengthened and graduated conformation of the same member in the Paradise Jacamar, and the other long-tailed Galbulæ.  ...  *This beautiful species exhibits so strong a deviation from the Halcyonidæ in general, that it requires a separate station in the family: and I take this opportunity of characterizing the group as follows, under the generic title of  TANYSIPTERA.  Rostrum subbreve, subcrassum, rectum, acutum, naribus ovalibus. Cauda gradata, rectricibus duabus longissimis.   DEA. ...  Alcedo Dea. Linn. Syst. i. p. 181. 13.  Ispida Ternatana. Briss. vol. iv. p. 525. t. 40. f.2.  Martin-Pêcheur de Ternate. Buff. Pl. Enl. 116.  The specimens of this species which are brought to Europe are generally deprived of their wings and legs. I am therefore prevented from referring to those members in my generic description.” (Vigors 1825); "Tanysiptera Vigors, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 14, 1825, p. 433, note. Type, by monotypy, Alcedo dea Linné, 1766, not Alcedo dea Linné, 1758 = Tanysiptera nais G. R. Gray." (Peters 1945, V, 216).  
Var. Tanysyptera.
Synon. Edquista, Uralcyon.

galatea / galateus
Gr. myth. Galatea or Galathea, a sea nymph or nereid beloved of Polyphemus, whom she disdained, and of Acis, who was killed by his unrequited rival (Tanysiptera). 

SUBSPECIES

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (doris)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea doris
doris
Gr. myth. Doris, a sea goddess, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys and mother to the nereïdes (subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (emiliae)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea emiliae
emiliae
● Emily Eliza Sharpe née Burrows (1843-1928) wife of British ornithologist Richard Bowdler Sharpe (Chlorocharis, subsp. Nigrita canicapillus,  subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).
● Henriette Mathilde Maria Elisabeth Emilie Snethlage (1868-1929) German ornithologist, collector in Brazil 1905-1929, Director of the Goeldi Mus. 1914-1922 (subsp. Dysithamnus mentalis, subsp. Microrhopias quixensis).
● "Iodopleura Emiliæ. (Parzudaky.)"; lapsus for isabellae (des Murs 1849, Iconographie Ornithologique, pl. 68) (Iodopleura).
● Marie Antoinette Émilie Galichon née Tuffet (1802-1873) second wife of French art collector and historian Émile-Louis Étienne Galichon (d. 1873) (subsp. Phaethornis guy).
● Émilie Lapèyre-Bellair (or Lapère) (fl. 1845) wife of Capt. Jean Théophile Lapèyre-Bellair (1814-1852) French Army, collector in the Marquesas (syn. Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii).
● Émilie de Dalmas (b. 1886) daughter of French ornithologist Raymond Comte de Dalmas (Martin Schneider in litt.) (syn. Tangara lavinia).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (browningi)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea browningi
browningi
Dr M. Ralph Browning (b. 1944) US ornithologist, taxonomist (subsp. Cistothorus palustris, subsp. Tanysiptera galatea, subsp. Vireo pallens).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (brunhildae)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea brunhildae
brunhildae
Brunhild, the heroine of Germanic and Norse legend (subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (sabrina)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea sabrina
sabrina
Roman myth. Sabrina, a river nymph, the river Severn in England (subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (margarethae)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea margarethae
margaretae / margaretha / margarethae / margarettae
• Margarethe Heine (1847-1932) sister of German ornithologist Ferdinand Heine, Jr. (subsp. Aglaiocercus kingii, subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).
• Margaret Forbes Moore née Cleaves (fl. 1937) second wife of US ornithologist Robert T. Moore (subsp. Atthis heloisa).
• Dr Margarethe Blasius née Uhde (1858-1907) wife of German ornithologist Wilhelm A. H. Blasius (Laurent Raty in litt.) (Ceyx).
• Princess Louise Margaret Alexandra Victoria Agnes (1860-1917) Duchess of Connaught, daughter of Prince Friedrich of Prussia, and wife of Field Marshall Prince Arthur Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (Charmosyna).
• Margaret Louise Zimmer née Thompson (d. 1945) wife of US ornithologist John T. Zimmer (subsp. Coeligena torquata).
• Margaret Fitzell Gilliard née Tifft (1918-2008) wife of US ornithologist E. Thomas Gilliard (subsp. Microptilotis montanus).
• Dr Margaret Morse Nice (1883-1974) US ornithologist, child psychologist (Payevsky 2018 per Björn Bergenholtz) (syn. Passer montanus).
• Margaretta Lammot DuPont Greenewalt (1902-1991) wife of US businessman Crawford Hallock Greenewalt, President of DuPont Corporation 1948-1962, conservationist, photographer (Phaethornis).
• Margaretha Auguste Henriette Caroline Louise Gräfin von Plessen (b. 1894) sister of German explorer Victor Baron von Plessen (Paul Scofield in litt.) (syn. Ptilinopus melanospilus chrysorrhous).
• Margareta le Roi (fl. 1932) wife of German ornithologist Dr Otto le Roi (syn. Ptilopsis leucotis).
• Margarethe Fanny Charlotte Johansen née Busch (d. 1885) mother of Russian zoologist and explorer Prof. Hermann Johansen (syn. Saxicola rubetra).
• Margarete Mayr née Simon (1912-1990) wife of US/German ornithologist Ernst Mayr (Zoothera).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (obiensis)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea obiensis
obiense / obiensis / obira
Obi or Obira I., Moluccas, Indonesia.

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (acis)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea acis
acis
Gr. myth. Acis, a Sicilian shepherd beloved by Galatea and changed into a stream on his death at the hands of the jealous cyclops Polyphemus (subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (boanensis)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea boanensis
boanensis
Boano, Moluccas, Indonesia.

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (nais)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea nais
nais
Gr. myth. Naïs, a naiad or water-nymph (Corythornis, subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (galatea)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea galatea
galatea / galateus
Gr. myth. Galatea or Galathea, a sea nymph or nereid beloved of Polyphemus, whom she disdained, and of Acis, who was killed by his unrequited rival (Tanysiptera). 

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (meyeri)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea meyeri
meyeri / meyerianus / meyerii
● Dr Aron Baruch Meyer (known as Adolf Bernhard Meyer) (1840-1911) German physician, collector in the East Indies and New Guinea 1870-1873, Director of Royal Mus. Dresden 1874-1906, zoologist, anthropologist (Accipiter, Chalcites (ex Chrysococcyx splendidus Mayer, 1874), syn. Cinnyris jugularis plateni, Edolisoma, Epimachus, syn. Leptocoma sericea porphyrolaema (ex Hermotimia porphyrolaema scapulata Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896), subsp. Myzomela nigrita, Pachycephala (ex Pachycephala affinis Meyer, 1884), Philemon (ex Tropidorhynchus inornatus Meyer, 1875), subsp. Pitohui kirhocephalus, subsp. Pucrasia macrolopha, syn. Rhipidura atra, subsp. Tanysiptera galatea, subsp. Timeliopsis fulvigula, syn. Todiramphus chloris, Trichoglossus, subsp. Xanthotis flaviventer (ex Ptilotis pyrrhotis Meyer, 1875)).
● Dr Bernhard Meyer (1767–1836) German botanist, ornithologist, collector (syn. Limosa lapponica, Poicephalus).
● Fr. P. Rudolf Otto Maria Meyer (1877-1937) German missionary to the Bismarck Archipelago 1902-1937 (syn. Acrocephalus stentoreus sumbae, subsp. Hypotaenidia philippensis, subsp. Ptilinopus solomonensis).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (minor)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea minor
minor
L. minor  smaller  < comp. parvus  small. “Comparative names ... Specific names expressive of comparative size are also to be avoided, as they may be rendered inaccurate by the after-discovery of additional species. The names ... maximus, minor, minimus, etc. are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842).
● ex “Short-eared Owl” of Pennant 1761 (syn. Asio flammeus).
● ex “Little Thrush” of Catesby 1731-1743, Edwards 1758-1764, Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785, “Turdus iliacus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Grivette de l’Amérique” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Catharus fuscescens).
● ex “Whip-poor-will” of Catesby 1731 (Chordeiles).
● ex “Coucou des palétuviers de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 813, “Petit Vieillard” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mangrove Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (Coccyzus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  minor.  12. P. albo nigroque varius vertice rubro, ano albido.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus seminigris. Fn. svec. 83. Hasselqv. iter. 242.  Picus varius tertius. Raj. av. 43.  Picus varius minor. Alb. av. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in Europa.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Dryobates).
● ex “Fregata minor” of Brisson 1760, “Petite Frégate” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Man of War Bird” of Edwards 1760, and “Lesser Frigate Pelican” of Latham 1785 (Fregata).
● ex “Petit Indicateur” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 242 (Indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièsche d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 32, fig. 1 (Lanius).
● ex “Perruche à ailes noires” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Petite perruche de l’isle de Luçon, 4ème ésp.” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Luzonian Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Loriculus philippensis).
● ex “Apiaster Philippensis minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Merops viridis americanus).
● ex “Little Woodcock” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Microptera).
● ex “Troupiale de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 606, fig. 1, “Petit Troupiale noir” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Lesser black Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Molothrus ater).
● ex “Lesser Bird of Paradise” of Latham 1783 (Paradisaea).
● ex “Barbican à ventre rose” of Levaillant 1806 (Pogonornis).
● ex “Porphyrio minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Colymbus fluviatilis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tachybaptus ruficollis).
● ex “Huppe d’Afrique” of Audebert & Vieillot 1800-1802 (syn. Upupa africana).
● ex “Ringvia” of Brünnich 1764, and “Lesser Guillemot” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Uria aalge).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (vulcani)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea vulcani
vulcani
Mod. L. vulcani  of the volcano, of Vulcan  < Roman myth. Volcanus or Vulcanus  Vulcan, god of fire.
• Bolivia (subsp. Chalcostigma stanleyi).
• Gedeh Volcano, western Java, Indonesia (subsp. Ficedula hyperythra).
• Volcán de Irazú, Costa Rica (Junco).
• Volcán de Santa María, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (subsp. Vireo huttoni).
• Vulcan I., New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago (subsp. Tanysiptera galatea).
• Mount Apo, Mindanao, Philippines (subsp. Zosterops montanus).

Common Paradise-Kingfisher (rosseliana)
SCI Name: Tanysiptera galatea rosseliana
rosseli / rosseliana / rosselianus
Rossel I. (= Yela), Louisiade Archipelago, New Guinea.