Cinnamon Woodpecker

SCI Name:  Celeus loricatus
Protonym:  Meiglyptes loricatus Handb.spec.Orn. cont.xii p.405 pl.DCLXXXI fig.4495,4496
Taxonomy:  Piciformes / Picidae / Celeus
Taxonomy Code:  cinwoo1
Type Locality:  Peru.
Author:  Reichenbach
Publish Year:  1854
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CELEUS
(Picidae; Ϯ Blond-crested Woodpecker C. flavescens) Gr. κελεος keleos  green woodpecker (cf. Gr. myth. Celeus, king of Eleusis, proverbial for his rustic dress and love of agricultural pursuits); "Celeus für die americanischen P. flavescens, P. exalbidus, P. ochraceus Spix, P. cinnamomeus Lath., P. brunneus Licht., P. tinunculus Wagl., badioides Less. centu. p. 14, denen vielleicht asiatische beyzugesellen.  Ein Mitkennzeichen für die Gattung gibt die Holle der meisten Arten, die aus mit ordentlichen Schäften und Fahnen versehenen Federn gebildet ist, ab. Viele andere Arten müssen einstweilig unter dem Namen Picus vereinigt bleiben" (Boie 1831); "Celeus Boie, Isis von Oken, 1831, col. 542. Type, by subsequent designation, C. flavescens (Gm.) = Picus flavescens Gmelin. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 55.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 122).
Synon. Celeopicos, Cerchneipicus, Cerchneopipo, Crocomorphus, Malacolophus, Xanthopicus.
● See: Cela

Cela
Gr. κελης kelēs, κελητος kelētos  courser, race-horse  < κελλω kellō  to drive on.
• (Casuariidae; syn. Casuarius † Double-wattled Cassowary C. casuarius) "56. KASUARIS, in 't Lat. Cela †   Casuarius. by LINNÆUS. gesl. 63.  Emeu. by CLUSIUS. Exot. L. v. c. 3.  Casuel. by PERR. Mem. des Anim. 184.  ... † Deeze vogel gelykt meer naar een Kasuaris dan naar een Struis. Hy heeft, zegt RAY, aan den voet vier vingeren, drie van vooren en éénen van agteren, die dik en rond is" (Moehring 1758); "b. Ohne Hinterzehe, Wadfüße, Schn. mäßig.  2. Gattung. Cela, Eme, Kasuar, Kasuel  ...  1. Art. Gem. Eme, Struthio Casuarius, Cela  ...  2. Art. Neu-Holländischer Eme" (Oken 1816); "Cela Oken, 1816, Lehrbuch Naturgesch., III, Zool. (2), p. 646.  Alternative name for Casuarius Brisson, 1760." (JAJ 2021).
• (Otididae; syn. Chlamydotis † Houbara Bustard C. undulata) "XIII. Tribu. ——  OISEAUX SENSIERS.  OUTARDES.   ...   3. O. nasier.  Otis.    4. O. oreillier.  Cela." (Oken, 1821, Esquisse du système d'anatomie, de physiologie et d'histoire naturelle, p. 60 (nom. nud.).  For the purposes of The Key only, the implied type is here fixed by subsequent designation, "O. oreillier" of Oken = Psophia undulata von Jacquin, 1784." (JAJ 2021).
• ‡ (Emeidae; syn. Euryapteryx † Broad-billed Moa E. curtus) "Genera et Species typicae   ...   1. x Cela (MÖHRING)  curta (Dinornis curtus Owen Zool. Transact. III. 327. pl. 47 et 48.) R." (Reichenbach 1853); "Cela Reichenbach, 1853 (not of Moehring, 1758, nor of Oken, 1816, nor of Illiger, 1826 (nom. dub.)), Avium Systema Naturale, p. XXX.  Type, by original designation, Dinornis curtus Owen, 1846." (JAJ 2020) (see Emeus).
Var. Celeus.

loricata / loricatus
L. loricatus  clothed in mail, breast-plated  < lorica  leather cuirass, metal breast-plate  < lorum, lori  strap (cf. Med. L. loricatus  man-at-arms).
● ex “Jacapú” of Marcgrave 1648 (Compsothraupis).
● ex “Picazúró” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 317 (syn. Patagioenas picazuro).

SUBSPECIES

Cinnamon Woodpecker (diversus)
SCI Name: Celeus loricatus diversus
diversum / diversus
L. diversus different, diverse < divertere to differ.
• "Ammodramus caudacatus diversus, subsp. nov.  SOUTHERN SHARP-TAILED SPARROW.  ...  In general plumage A. c. diversus has the richest coloring of any of the group, including  even spring specimens of A. nelsoni.  Typical examples of this form in winter resemble very closely some specimens of nelsoni in the coloring of the upper parts — much more than they resemble typical examples of A. caudacutus —  but may be easily distinguished from the former at any season by their larger size, longer bill and very conspicuous dark stripes on the breast and flanks." (L. B. Bishop 1901) (subsp. Ammodramus caudacutus).
• "CELEUS LORICATUS DIVERSUS  Ridgway.   TALAMANCA WOODPECKER.  Similar to C. l. loricatus (of eastern Panama and northern Colombia), but rump and under parts of body decidedly darker (cinnamon), nearly, sometimes quite, concolor with foreneck and (in female) throat, blackish bars averaging larger and more numerous (especially on upper parts), and averaging decidedly larger." (Ridgway 1914) (subsp. Celeus loricatus).
• "Chlorospingus pileatus diversus, new subspecies  ...  The much greater contrast of the light abdomen with the more richly, deeply colored flanks easily distinguishes this new form from typical pileatus." (Griscom 1924) (subsp. Chlorospingus pileatus).
• "I find, on the contrary, that the birds of the two localities are as separable from each other as are the other recognized (and valid) races of the species.  The Huitzilac, Morelos, birds, being topotypical griseipectus, retain that name, while for the San Sebastián, Jalisco, specimens I propose the name—  Dendrortyx macroura diversus, n. subsp." (Friedmann 1943) (subsp. Dendrortyx macroura).
• "6.  Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum subsp. nov.   Nearest to D. g. rubrocoronatum, but differs by the somewhat lighter, more scarlet crown and upper tail-coverts, and the more steel-blue, not purple, upper surface, which is also tinged with olive." (Rothschild & Hartert 1903) (subsp. Dicaeum geelvinkianum).
• "A number of years ago the United States National Museum received four specimens of a Piprisoma that had been collected in Palawan by the Menage Expedition.  These were put aside by the author for further study and then neglected.  They had been originally identified as Piprisoma modestum by the collector and are indeed close to that species.  I can not find that this species has ever been credited to the Philippines.  The four bird skins evidently represent an un-named species, which may be known as:   Piprisoma diversum, sp. nov.  ...  Similar to Piprisoma modestum modestum, but brighter above  ...  bill broader at the base and the lower mandible more swollen; white on the inner web on the outer tail feathers at the tip much reduced." (Riley 1936) (syn. Dicaeum aeruginosum affine).
• "Grallaria macularia diversa, new subspecies  ...  I was at first confident that this form would prove to be entitled to the name diluta, described by Hellmayr from Thomar, Rio Negro, Brazil, and later synonymized with paraensis, but a reëxamination of the type, kindly made for me by Dr. Hellmayr, indicates the distinction of the present form." (J. Zimmer 1934) (subsp. Hylopezus macularius).
• "Leptopogon amaurocephalus diversus subsp. nov.   Similar to Leptopogon amaurocephalus amaurocephalus Cabanis, but smaller, the back slightly darker green, the cap very much darker brown, the under surface paler yellow posteriorly, and the rectrices edged internally with buffy." (Todd 1913) (subsp. Leptopogon amaurocephalus).
• "Todirostrum maculatum diversum, new subspecies   ...   As noted above, specimens from part of the range of diversum show variational tendencies in one direction or another.  Birds from Teffé often approach signatum but average closer to diversum; birds from the Xingú approach the present form but average closer to maculatum.  ...  Although somewhat variable, therefore, diversum is fairly consistent in the characters that distinguish it from the other forms." (J. Zimmer 1940) (subsp. Todirostrum maculatum).
• "Veniliornis passerinus diversus, new subspecies  ...  Similar to V. p. insignis and similarly separable from passerinus, olivinus, and agilis but to different degrees in respect to certain details." (J. Zimmer 1942) (subsp. Veniliornis passerinus).
• "In this southeastern corner of Brazil, the population differs from both agilis and chivi sufficiently to deserve separate recognition, and since there is no available name for such a subspecies, it may be known as follows.  Vireo olivaceus diversus, new subspecies" (J. Zimmer 1941) (subsp. Vireo olivaceus).

Cinnamon Woodpecker (mentalis)
SCI Name: Celeus loricatus mentalis
mentale / mentalis
Mod. L. mentalis  pertaining to the chin  < French mental of the chin  < L. mentum  chin (cf. Late L. mentalis  of the mind  < L. mens, mentis  mind).
● ex “Langrayen de Viti” of Hombron & Jacquinot 1843 (Artamus).

Cinnamon Woodpecker (loricatus)
SCI Name: Celeus loricatus loricatus
loricata / loricatus
L. loricatus  clothed in mail, breast-plated  < lorica  leather cuirass, metal breast-plate  < lorum, lori  strap (cf. Med. L. loricatus  man-at-arms).
● ex “Jacapú” of Marcgrave 1648 (Compsothraupis).
● ex “Picazúró” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 317 (syn. Patagioenas picazuro).

Cinnamon Woodpecker (innotatus)
SCI Name: Celeus loricatus innotatus
innotata / innotatus
L. innotatus  remarkable  < innotescere  to become known.