Carolina Chickadee

SCI Name:  Poecile carolinensis
Protonym:  Parus carolinensis Orn.Biogr. 2 p.341
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Paridae / Poecile
Taxonomy Code:  carchi
Type Locality:  Charleston, South Carolina.
Author:  Audubon
Publish Year:  1834
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

POECILE
(Paridae; Ϯ Marsh Tit P. palustris) Gr. ποικιλος poikilos  colourful (cf. ποικιλις poikilis, ποικιλιδος poikilidos  unknown small bird, fancifully said to eat lark eggs, perhaps a type of finch); "4. Parus ater, palustris.   ...   4. Dohlenmeise. Poecile**). (Parus ater et palustris).   E[ntwickelung]. Wie bei Parus und Cyanistes.   Ch[arakter]. Kleine Meisen mit glattem schwarzem Kopfe, kurzem Schwanz und aschgraulichem Gefieder.   L[ebensart]. Hierin ähneln sie den übrigen Meisen.   ...   **) ποικιλος, bunt." (Kaup 1829); "POECILE Kaup, 1829  M — Parus palustris Linnaeus, 1758; type by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1842, Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds, p. 8)." (Dickinson & Christidis (eds.) 2014, 428).
Var. Paecila, Poecila, Poecilia, Poekilis, Peocile.
Synon. Penthestes, Phaeopharus, Poeciloides.

carolinense / carolinensis / caroliniana / carolinianus / carolinus
Carolina, the Carolinas or Carolina Colonies, North America. Ignoring the indigenous populations, this name was given by early European colonists to the vast swathe of North America between the Atlantic and the Mississippi, north of Spanish Florida and south of Virginia. Named after either Charles IX King of France (1550-1574; reigned 1560-1574) whose name was given in 1564 to the ill-fated Fort de la Caroline in French Florida, or after Charles I King of England (1600-1649; reigned 1625-1649) who granted a charter in 1629 to his attorney-general; the foundered charter was regranted in 1663 by Charles II King of England (1630-1685; reigned 1660-1685).
● ex “American Teal” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Anas).
● ex “Goat Sucker of Carolina” of Catesby 1731, “Caprimulgus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Engoulevent de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Short-winged Goatsucker” of Pennant 1785 (Antrostomus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  carolinensis.  8. P. macrourus viridis, capite collo genibusque luteis.  Psittacus carolinensis. Catesb. car. I. p. 11. t. 11.  Habitat in Carolina, Virginia." (Linnaeus 1758) (‡Conuropsis).
● ex “Figuier de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 1, “Olive Warbler” of Pennant 1785, and “Yellow Poll” of Latham 1785 (syn. Dendroica aestiva).
● ex “Cat-Bird” of Catesby 1731 (Dumetella).
● ex “Mauvis de la Caroline” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 556, fig. 2 (Euphagus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  carolinus.  6. P. pileo nuchaque rubris, dorso fasciis nigris, rectricibus mediis albis nigro punctatis.  Picus ventre rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 19. t. 19. f. 2.  Habitat in America septentrionali.  Ani regio rubra punctata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Piscator” of Ray 1711, “Fishing Hawk” of Catesby 1731, “Falco piscator Antillarum et Carolinensis” of Brisson 1763 (ex “Pecheur” of Dutertre 1667-1671), and “Faucon pecheur de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (subsp. Pandion haliaetus).
● ex “Charles-town Pelican” of Latham 1785, and Pennant 1785 (subsp. Pelecanus occidentalis).
● ex “Torchepot de la Caroline” of Brisson 1760 (Sitta).
● ex “Great Wren of Carolina” of Bartram 1791 (syn. Thryothorus ludovicianus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 676 (syn. Tyrannus tyrannus).
● ex “Turtle of Carolina” of Catesby 1731 (subsp. Zenaida macroura).

SUBSPECIES

Carolina Chickadee (atricapilloides)
SCI Name: Poecile carolinensis atricapilloides
atricapilloides
Specific name Parus atricapillus Linnaeus, 1766; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs resembling; "As a result of this great discrepancy in size, and minor variations in color already discussed, I am unable to assign to any described race the specimens from Kansas, Oklahoma, and central Texas (M,N,O), which I therefore propose to call  Parus carolinensis atricapilloides, new subspecies  ...  Averaging larger than any other described race of P. carolinensis, in wing and tail measurements.  ...  Of secondary concern, and presented only as a basis for further investigation, is the matter of general increase in tail/wing proportion in the larger populations of P. carolinensis (especially noticeable in P. c. atricapilloides), which tends to approach the reduced ratio of the smaller races of P. atricapillus." (Lunk 1952) (subsp. Poecile carolinensis).

Carolina Chickadee (agilis)
SCI Name: Poecile carolinensis agilis
agile / agilis
L. agilis  nimble, active  < agere  to set in motion.
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  agilis.  15. P. submacrourus viridis, tectricibus remigum primorum cærulescentium fulvis, cauda subtus rubra.  Psittacus minor viridis. Edw. av. 168. t. 168.  Habitat in America.  Magnitudo Coccothraustis. Cauda cuneiformis, sed non elongata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazona).
● ex “Gobe-mouche olive de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 574, fig. 2, and de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Active Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (?Empidonax sp. or Myiobius sp.).

Carolina Chickadee (extimus)
SCI Name: Poecile carolinensis extimus
extima / extimus
L. extimus  farthest, outermost, most remote  < super. exter  outward  < comp. ex  out of.

Carolina Chickadee (carolinensis)
SCI Name: Poecile carolinensis carolinensis
carolinense / carolinensis / caroliniana / carolinianus / carolinus
Carolina, the Carolinas or Carolina Colonies, North America. Ignoring the indigenous populations, this name was given by early European colonists to the vast swathe of North America between the Atlantic and the Mississippi, north of Spanish Florida and south of Virginia. Named after either Charles IX King of France (1550-1574; reigned 1560-1574) whose name was given in 1564 to the ill-fated Fort de la Caroline in French Florida, or after Charles I King of England (1600-1649; reigned 1625-1649) who granted a charter in 1629 to his attorney-general; the foundered charter was regranted in 1663 by Charles II King of England (1630-1685; reigned 1660-1685).
● ex “American Teal” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Anas).
● ex “Goat Sucker of Carolina” of Catesby 1731, “Caprimulgus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Engoulevent de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Short-winged Goatsucker” of Pennant 1785 (Antrostomus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  carolinensis.  8. P. macrourus viridis, capite collo genibusque luteis.  Psittacus carolinensis. Catesb. car. I. p. 11. t. 11.  Habitat in Carolina, Virginia." (Linnaeus 1758) (‡Conuropsis).
● ex “Figuier de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 58, fig. 1, “Olive Warbler” of Pennant 1785, and “Yellow Poll” of Latham 1785 (syn. Dendroica aestiva).
● ex “Cat-Bird” of Catesby 1731 (Dumetella).
● ex “Mauvis de la Caroline” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 556, fig. 2 (Euphagus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  carolinus.  6. P. pileo nuchaque rubris, dorso fasciis nigris, rectricibus mediis albis nigro punctatis.  Picus ventre rubro. Catesb. car. I. p. 19. t. 19. f. 2.  Habitat in America septentrionali.  Ani regio rubra punctata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Melanerpes).
● ex “Piscator” of Ray 1711, “Fishing Hawk” of Catesby 1731, “Falco piscator Antillarum et Carolinensis” of Brisson 1763 (ex “Pecheur” of Dutertre 1667-1671), and “Faucon pecheur de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (subsp. Pandion haliaetus).
● ex “Charles-town Pelican” of Latham 1785, and Pennant 1785 (subsp. Pelecanus occidentalis).
● ex “Torchepot de la Caroline” of Brisson 1760 (Sitta).
● ex “Great Wren of Carolina” of Bartram 1791 (syn. Thryothorus ludovicianus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 676 (syn. Tyrannus tyrannus).
● ex “Turtle of Carolina” of Catesby 1731 (subsp. Zenaida macroura).