Carib Grackle

SCI Name:  Quiscalus lugubris
Protonym:  Quiscalus lugubris Anim.Menag. p.299 fig.50c[=54c]
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Icteridae / Quiscalus
Taxonomy Code:  cargra1
Type Locality:  c [= 54c] Brazil ; British Guiana substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 33.
Author:  Swainson
Publish Year:  1838
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

QUISCALUS
(Icteridae; Ϯ Common Grackle Q. quiscula) Specific name Gracula quiscula Linnaeus, 1758; "98. QUISCALE, Quiscalus.  Gracula, Corvus, Lin. Gm. Lath.  Bec glabre et comprimé à la base, droit, entier, à bords anguleux et fléchis en dedans, incliné vers le bout; mandibule supérieure prolongée en pointe dans les plumes du front.   Esp. Gracula quiscala et Corvus mexicanus, Lin. Gm. Lath." (Vieillot 1816); "Quiscalus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 36. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List. Genera Birds, ed. 1, p. 41), Gr.[acula] quiscala [= quiscula] Linnaeus." (Blake in Peters 1968, XIV, 187).
Var. Quiscalis, Quisculus, Quisqualus, Quisqualis, Qviscalus.
Synon. Cassidix, Chalcophanes, Holoquiscalus, Megaquiscalus, Quiscala, Scaphidurus, Scaphura.

lugubris
L. lugubris  mournful, plaintive  < lugere  to mourn.
● ex “Merle brun du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 563, fig. 1 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Carib Grackle (guadeloupensis)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris guadeloupensis
guadeloupensis / guadelupensis
Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, West Indies.
● Erroneous TL. Guadeloupe (= Marie-Galante I., Lesser Antilles) (‡subsp. Athene cunicularia).
● Guadalupe I., Baja California, Mexico (subsp. Salpinctes obsoletus).

Carib Grackle (inflexirostris)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris inflexirostris
inflexirostris
L. inflexus bent, curved < inflectere to bend; -rostris -billed < rostrum beak.

Carib Grackle (contrusus)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris contrusus
contrusus
L. contrusus  thrusting, crowded  < contrudere  to crowd together.

Carib Grackle (luminosus)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris luminosus
luminosa / luminosus
L. luminosus glorious, bright < lumen, luminis light.

Carib Grackle (fortirostris)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris fortirostris
fortirostris
L. fortis strong; -rostris -billed < rostrum beak.

Carib Grackle (orquillensis)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris orquillensis
orquillensis
Orquilla I., Islas Los Hermanos, Venezuela.

Carib Grackle (insularis)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris insularis
insularis
L. insularis  of an island  < insula, insulae  island.
● Ceylon (= Sri Lanka) (syn. Accipiter badius, subsp. Chloropsis aurifrons, subsp. Dicrurus caerulescens, subsp. Prinia inornata).
● New Caledonia (syn. Accipiter fasciatus vigilax).
● Phu-Quoc I., Cochin China (=Vietnam) (subsp. Aethopyga siparaja).
● Andaman Is., Bay of Bengal (subsp. Amaurornis phoenicurus).
● Bahrain, Arabian Gulf (subsp. Ammomanes deserti)
● Erroneous TL. Madagascar (= Zanzibar) (subsp. Andropadus importunus).
● Santa Cruz I., Channel Is., California, USA (subsp. Aphelocoma californica, subsp. Eremophila alpestris).
● Rennell I., Solomon Is. (Aplonis).
● Jobi I. (= Japen = Yapen), New Guinea (Arses, subsp. Pachycephalopsis hattamensis).
● Sardinia (Bubo).
● Fernando Póo (= Bioko), Gulf of Guinea (syn. Campethera tullbergi, syn. Cinnyris chloropygius).
● Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico (syn. Cathartes aura, subsp. Cyclarhis gujanensis).
● Aldabra, Indian Ocean (subsp. Centropus toulou).
● Sardinia (syn. Coccothraustes coccothraustes).
● Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea (subsp. Columbina passerina).
● New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea (Corvus).
● Formosa/Taiwan (subsp. Dendrocopos leucotos, Myophonus, syn. Garrulus bispecularis).
● Borneo (syn. Dicrurus paradiseus).
● Nicobar Is., Bay of Bengal (syn. Ducula aenea nicobarica).
● Corsica (syn. Emberiza calandra, syn. Saxicola rubicola).
● Socotra (subsp. Emberiza tahapisi, Passer).
● Weda Is., Halmahera, Indonesia (syn. Eos squamata).
● Tres Marías Is., Nayarit, Mexico (Forpus, subsp. Myadestes occidentalis, subsp. Nyctidromus albicollis, subsp. Pachyramphus aglaiae, subsp. Setophaga pitiayumi, syn. Zenaida asiatica).
● Lord Howe I., Tasman Sea (syn. Fregetta grallaria, ‡Gerygone).
● Rottnest I., Western Australia (syn. Gavicalis virescens).
● Meco I., Quintana Roo, Mexico (subsp. Habia fuscicauda).
● Ship I., off Gulfport, Mississippi, USA (syn. Hirundo rustica erythrogaster).
● Tobago (Hylophilus, subsp. Platyrinchus mystaceus, subsp. Psarocolius decumanus).
● Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico (Junco).
● Isla Margarita, Venezuela (syn. Leptotila verreauxi,  subsp. Quiscalus lugubris).
● New Providence, Bahamas (sym. Leuconotopicus villosus maynardi).
● King I., Bass Strait, Australia (syn. Melithreptus brevirostris).
● Kangean Is., Java Sea, Indonesia (subsp. Oriolus chinensis).
● Fergusson I., D'Entrecasteaux Is., Papua New Guinea (Otidiphaps).
● Mahé I., Seychelles (Otus).
● Kodiak I., Alaska, USA (subsp. Passerella unalaschcensis).
● Honshu, Japan (subsp. Periparus ater).
● Stewart I., New Zealand (syn. Poodytes punctatus).
● Henderson I., Pitcairn Group, Pacific Ocean (Ptilinopus).
● Naochow I., Kwangtung, China (syn. Pycnonotus aurigaster resurrectus).
● Banggai I., North Borneo (syn. Pycnonotus plumosus hachisukae).
● Madagascar (Sarothrura, subsp. Thalassornis leuconotus).
● Forsyth I., Bass Strait, Australia (syn. Sericornis frontalis).
● Grand Bahama I., Bahamas (Sitta).
● Trinidad (syn. Sporophila intermedia).
● Nias I., Sumatra (subsp. Terpsiphone affinis).
● Terangan I., Aru Is., Indonesia (syn. Todiramphus macleayii).
● Isla Socorro, Colima, Mexico (syn. Troglodytes sissonii).
● Erroneous TL. São Vicente, Cape Verde Is. (= St. Vincent, West Indies) (subsp. Tyto glaucops).
● Vancouver I., British Columbia, Canada (syn. Vireo huttoni).
● Stephens I., Cook Strait, New Zealand (‡syn. Xenicus lyalli).
● Curaçao, Dutch Antilles (subsp. Zonotrichia capensis).
● Tanegashima, south of Kyushu, Japan (subsp. Zosterops japonicus).

Carib Grackle (lugubris)
SCI Name: Quiscalus lugubris lugubris
lugubris
L. lugubris  mournful, plaintive  < lugere  to mourn.
● ex “Merle brun du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 563, fig. 1 (unident.).