Brown Shrike

SCI Name:  Lanius cristatus
Protonym:  Lanius cristatus Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.93
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Laniidae / Lanius
Taxonomy Code:  brnshr
Type Locality:  Bengal.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.

lanius
L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces.

cristatum / cristatus
L. cristatus  crested, plumed, tufted  < crista  crest, plume, tuft.
● ex “Quauhtzonecolin” of Hernandez 1651, “Coturnix indica” of Ray 1713, and “Caille hupée du Méxique” of Brisson 1760 (Colinus).
● ex “Figuier huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 391, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Crested Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Colopteryx galeatus).
● ex “Moineau de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 224, fig. 3, “Friquet huppé” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black-faced Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Coryphospingus cucullatus).
● ex “Drongo” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 166 (syn. Dicrurus forficatus).
● "43. LANIUS.  ...  cristatus.  1. L. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore rufescente, subtus fulvo fuscoque undulato.  Lanius fulvus cristatus. Edw. av. 54. t. 54.  Habitat in Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758). Edwards' 1747, “Crested Red or Russit Butcher-Bird,” is from a drawing of a dishevelled dead bird shown with a crest (Lanius).
● "100. PARUS.  ...  cristatus.  1. P. capite cristato. Fn. svec. 239.  Parus cristatus. Gesn. av. 642. f. med. Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 20. Will. orn. 175. t. 43. Raj. av. 74. n. 6. Alb. av. 2. p. 53. t. 57. f. 2. Frisch. av. . . t. 14. f. 2.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Lophophanes).
● ex "Tangara noir hupé de Cayenne" of Brisson 1760 (Loriotus).
● ex “Hoactzin” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Crax fuscus mexicanus” of Brisson 1760, “Faisan huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 337, “Hoazin” of de Buffon 1770-1782, and “Crested Pheasant” of Latham 1783 (syn. Opisthocomus hoazin).
● "60. TROCHILUS.  ...  cristatus.  17. T. rectirostris viridis, alis fuscis, abdomine cinereo, crista cærulescente.  Mellivora minor cristata. Edw. av. 37. t. 37.  Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Orthorhyncus).
● ex “Merula Sinensis cristata minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Otocompsa jocosa).
● "87. PAVO.  ...  cristatus.  1. P. capite crista erecta.  Pavo cauda longa. Fn. svec. 163.  Pavo. Gesn. av. 656. Aldr. orn. l. 13. c. 1. Jonst. av. 56. t. 22. Will. orn. 112. t. 27. Raj. av. 51.  Habitat in India orientali, Zeylona.  Mas remigibus primoribus ferrugineis, ejulans, vindicans, superbus, togam dorsalem gemmantibus ocellis, naturæ miraculo pictam erigendamque, tertio anno acquirit, qua nihil pulchrius, sub canicula dejicit. Femina curat pullos in proximas nuptias. Sambucci floribus occiditur." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pavo).
● "68. COLYMBUS.  ...  cristatus.  2. C. pedibus lobato-fissis, capite rufo, collari nigro, remigibus secundariis albis. Fn. svec. 122.  Colymbus major cristatus s. cornutus. Gesn. av. 139. Aldr. ornith. l. 19. c. 52. Will. orn. 257. t. 61. Raj. av. 124. Marsil. danub. 80. t. 38.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Podiceps).
● ex “Cassicus cristatus” of Brisson 1760, “Cassique huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 344, and “Crested Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Psarocolius decumanus).
● ex "Pluvier armé du Sénégal" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 800 (syn. Vanellus senegallus).
● "79. CHARADRIUS.  ...  cristatus.  1. C. gula pileo pectoreque nigris, occipite cristato, dorso testaceo, pedibus nigris.  Pluvialis indicus, pectore nigro. Edw. av. 47. t. 47.  Habitat in Persia.  Simillimus est Tringæ Vanello." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Vanellus spinosus).
● ex “Vultur leporarius” of Gessner 1555, and Ray 1713, “Vultur cristatus” of Brisson 1760, “Vautour à aigrettes” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Hare Vulture” of Latham 1781 (unident.).
● see cristata

SUBSPECIES

Brown Shrike (Brown)
SCI Name: Lanius cristatus cristatus/confusus
LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.

Brown Shrike (Japanese)
SCI Name: Lanius cristatus superciliosus
superciliosa / superciliosum / superciliosus
L. superciliosus  supercilious, haughty, eye-browed  < supercilium  eyebrow.
● ex “Supercilious Duck” of Latham 1785 (Anas).
● ex “Little Green and Orange-coloured Kingfisher” of Edwards 1758 (syn. Chloroceryle aenea).
● ex “Gorge-jaune de Saint-Domingue” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 686, fig. 1 (syn. Dendroica dominica).
● ex “Rousseau” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 66 (Lanius).
● ex “Apiaster madagascariensis” or “Guespier de Madagascar” of Brisson 1760 (Merops).
● ex “Yellow-browed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Phylloscopus humei).
● ex “Supercilious Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Brown Shrike (Philippine)
SCI Name: Lanius cristatus lucionensis
lucionensis
Luzon, Philippines.
● Inferred TL. Luzon, Philippine Is.; ex “Psittacus lucionensis” of Brisson 1760 (Tanygnathus).