Black Crowned-Crane

SCI Name:  Balearica pavonina
Protonym:  Ardea pavonina Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.141
Taxonomy:  Gruiformes / Gruidae / Balearica
Taxonomy Code:  blccra1
Type Locality:  Africa.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Vulnerable

DEFINITIONS

BALEARICA
(Gruidae; Ϯ Black Crowned Crane B. pavonina) L. grui Balearicae  Balearic crane with a tufted head mentioned by Pliny. It is not known to which species Pliny referred, or even if it was a type of crane, although the Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides formerly occurred in Spain, and still migrates through the Nile valley, and it is possible that the Black Crowned Crane bred in the Nile delta or the marshes of Tunisia in classical times. Ulysses Aldrovandus 1599, gave the name grus Balearica to the latter sp., translated by Willughby 1676, as the ‘Balearic Crane’; "Balearica. Genus 84.  ...  La tête ornée d'une hupe composée de plumes ressemblantes à des racines de Chiendent.  **1. L'OISEAU-ROYAL.  ...  BALEARICA." (Brisson 1760): based on "Grus Balearica" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Ardea pavonina Linnaeus, 1758, and many other references; "Balearica Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 511. Type, by monotypy, Balearica Brisson = Ardea pavonina Linné." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 154).

balearica / balearicus
L. Baliaricus  Balearic, of the Balearic Is  < Baliares or Baleares  Balearic Is. (Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera).

pavonina / pavoninus
L. pavoninus  pavonine, peacock-like, patterned or coloured like the peacock’s tail  < pavo, pavonis  peacock.
● "ARGUS PHEASANT  HEN  ARGUS PAVONINUS ♀" (Gray 1831) (syn. Argusianus argus).
● "46. RAMPHASTOS.   ...   pavoninus.  9. R. viridis, pennis rubris et pavoninis hinc inde interspersis.  Tucana mexicana viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 423. n. 7.  Xochitenacatl. Fern hist. n. Hisp. p. 51. c. 187.  Hochicat. Buff. hist. nat. des ois. 7. p. 125.  Pavonine Toucan. Lath. syn. I. 1. p. 331. n. 8.  Habitat in novae Hispaniae calidioribus maritimis, piscibus victitare fertur, dicolori magnitudine.  Rostrum ex flavo et nigro varium; pedes et ungues nigri.” (J. Gmelin 1788) (syn. Aulacorhynchus prasinus).
● "76. ARDEA.  ...  pavonina.  1. A. crista setosa erecta, temporibus palearibusque binis nudis.  Grus balearica. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 6. Will. orn. 201. t. 48. Raj. av. 95. Dodart. mem. 3. p. 199.  Grus cristata africana. Edw. av. 192. t. 192.  Pavo marinus. Clus. exot. 105.  Grus capensis fusca, capite aureo galeato. Pet. gaz. t. 76. f. 9.  Habitat in Africa.  Caput nigrum. Crista flavescens. Alæ albæ. Cauda nigra æqualis." (Linnaeus 1758) (Balearica).
● "GENUS I. TROGON. (Pavaô Brasil.)  ...  SPECIES I.  TROGON PAVONINUS.  TAB. XXXV.  Major; corpore supra pectoreque sericeo-viridibus; remigibus caudaque immaculate nigris; abdomine rostroque purpureis; tectricibus alarum caudaeque 2 elongatis, sericeo-viridibus." (von Spix 1824) (Pharomachrus). 
● ex “Ynambú-carapé” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 328 (syn. Taoniscus nanus).

SUBSPECIES

Black Crowned-Crane (pavonina)
SCI Name: Balearica pavonina pavonina
pavonina / pavoninus
L. pavoninus  pavonine, peacock-like, patterned or coloured like the peacock’s tail  < pavo, pavonis  peacock.
● "ARGUS PHEASANT  HEN  ARGUS PAVONINUS ♀" (Gray 1831) (syn. Argusianus argus).
● "46. RAMPHASTOS.   ...   pavoninus.  9. R. viridis, pennis rubris et pavoninis hinc inde interspersis.  Tucana mexicana viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 423. n. 7.  Xochitenacatl. Fern hist. n. Hisp. p. 51. c. 187.  Hochicat. Buff. hist. nat. des ois. 7. p. 125.  Pavonine Toucan. Lath. syn. I. 1. p. 331. n. 8.  Habitat in novae Hispaniae calidioribus maritimis, piscibus victitare fertur, dicolori magnitudine.  Rostrum ex flavo et nigro varium; pedes et ungues nigri.” (J. Gmelin 1788) (syn. Aulacorhynchus prasinus).
● "76. ARDEA.  ...  pavonina.  1. A. crista setosa erecta, temporibus palearibusque binis nudis.  Grus balearica. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 6. Will. orn. 201. t. 48. Raj. av. 95. Dodart. mem. 3. p. 199.  Grus cristata africana. Edw. av. 192. t. 192.  Pavo marinus. Clus. exot. 105.  Grus capensis fusca, capite aureo galeato. Pet. gaz. t. 76. f. 9.  Habitat in Africa.  Caput nigrum. Crista flavescens. Alæ albæ. Cauda nigra æqualis." (Linnaeus 1758) (Balearica).
● "GENUS I. TROGON. (Pavaô Brasil.)  ...  SPECIES I.  TROGON PAVONINUS.  TAB. XXXV.  Major; corpore supra pectoreque sericeo-viridibus; remigibus caudaque immaculate nigris; abdomine rostroque purpureis; tectricibus alarum caudaeque 2 elongatis, sericeo-viridibus." (von Spix 1824) (Pharomachrus). 
● ex “Ynambú-carapé” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 328 (syn. Taoniscus nanus).

Black Crowned-Crane (ceciliae)
SCI Name: Balearica pavonina ceciliae
ceciliae
• Prof. Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (b. 1939) French palaeontologist (‡ Asphaltoglaux).
• Mary Rothes Margaret Cecil née Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney (1857-1919) archaeologist, ornithologist, wife of courtier Col. Lord William Cecil (subsp. Balearica pavonina).
• "Dedicata la presente specie in atto di ossequio alla gentilissima Siga. Cecilia Turri [1844-1891]" (Benvenuti 1866) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz) (syn. Camplylopterus falcatus).
• Cécile Estelle Atala Gautrau née Lesson (1819-1845) first daughter of French naturalist René Lesson (Metriopelia, syn. Oreotrochilus estella).
• Cecilia Torres (1952-1985) Mexican wife of Brazilian ornithologist Dr Dante Luiz Martins Teixeira (Phylloscartes).