Black Bittern

SCI Name:  Ixobrychus flavicollis
Protonym:  Ardea flavicollis IndexOrn. 2 p.701
Taxonomy:  Pelecaniformes / Ardeidae / Ixobrychus
Taxonomy Code:  blabit1
Type Locality:  India. Dupetor flavicollis major Yamashina, 1931, Dobutsu. Zasshi, 51, p. 182- Taiwan.
Author:  Latham
Publish Year:  1790
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

IXOBRYCHUS
(Ardeidae; Ϯ Little Bittern I. minutus) Gr. ιξιας ixias  reed-like plant (cf. ιξος ixos  mistletoe); βρυχομαι brukhomai  to bellow (cf. βρυχω brukhō  to gnash the teeth); "G. 74. IXOBRYCHUS **), Sv. Rördrom.   1. minutus:  ...  Nidificat in arundinetis, et ova 5-6 alba ponir. Timidus clamat: gäck, gäck, gäck, gäck!  ...  2. stellaris:  ...  Hab. in locis paludosis arundinetis, passim  ...  Volitans alte clamat, fere ut Corvus: kroah! in terra vero mas murmurat sona violente; huh, huh ter sexies.  ...  ** Hab. genere fere Ardeæ; sed collo plus minusve crassiore femoribusque plerumque parum nudis.  N. gen. e graecis vocis Iξος arundo, et βρυχω fremo desumtum." (Billberg 1828); "Ixobrychus Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scand., 1, pt. 2, 1828, p. 166. Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea minuta Linné. (Stone, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 192.)" (Peters 1931, I, 120).   
Synon. Ardeiralla, Ardetta, Dupetor, Erodiscus, Erythrophoyx, Nannocnus, Xanthocnus.

flavicolle / flavicollis / flavicollo
L. flavus  golden-yellow; Mod. L. -collis  -necked, -throated  < L. collum  neck.
● ex “Yellow-throated Creeper” of Catesby 1731, “Parus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Mésange grise à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow-throated Warbler” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendroica dominica).
● ex “Yellow-necked Heron” of Latham 1787 (Ixobrychus).
● ex “Black-throated Bunting” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Spiza americana).
● ex “Yellow-necked Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Black Bittern (flavicollis)
SCI Name: Ixobrychus flavicollis flavicollis
flavicolle / flavicollis / flavicollo
L. flavus  golden-yellow; Mod. L. -collis  -necked, -throated  < L. collum  neck.
● ex “Yellow-throated Creeper” of Catesby 1731, “Parus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Mésange grise à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow-throated Warbler” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendroica dominica).
● ex “Yellow-necked Heron” of Latham 1787 (Ixobrychus).
● ex “Black-throated Bunting” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Spiza americana).
● ex “Yellow-necked Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Black Bittern (australis)
SCI Name: Ixobrychus flavicollis australis
australe / australis
L. australis  southern  < auster, austri  south.
● Tierra del Fuego; ex “Thorn-tailed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Aphrastura spinicauda).
● Cayenne; ex “Southern Sandpiper” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Calidris canutus).
● Erroneous TL "Friendly Islands" (= Tasmania); ex "South-Sea Raven" of Latham 1781 (syn. Corvus coronoides).
● Erroneous TL. New Guinea (= Luzon, Philippines); ex “Manikor de la Nouvelle Guinée” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Dicaeum).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Snipe” of Latham 1801 (syn. Gallinago hardwickii).
● Australia; ex “Pacific Paroquet (var.)” of Phillip 1789 (syn. Glossopsitta concinna).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Pelican” of Latham 1824 (syn. Pelecanus conspicillatus).
● Australia; ex “Cold-river Goatsucker” of Latham 1823 (syn. Podargus strigoides).
● Australia; ex “New Holland Quail” of Latham 1802 (Synoicus).
● Tasmania; ex Brown MS (syn. Lathamus discolor).
● Dusky Sound, New Zealand (syn. Nestor meridionalis).
● Staten I., off Tierra del Fuego (= Isla de los Estados, Argentina); ex “Statenland Eagle” of Latham 1781 (Phalcoboenus).
● Christmas I.; ex "Southern Tern" of Latham 1785 (syn. Procelsterna caerulea) (so identified by Stresemann 1950).
● Kerguelen I.; ex “Southern Tern” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Sterna vittata).
● Madagascar; ex “Palumbus viridis Madagascariensis” of Brisson 1760 (Treron).
● Erroneous TL. Sandwich Is. (= Samoa); ex “Blue-crested Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (Vini).
● Tierra del Fuego; ex “Rusty-collared Finch” of Latham 1783 (subsp. Zonotrichia capensis).

Black Bittern (woodfordi)
SCI Name: Ixobrychus flavicollis woodfordi
woodfordi
Charles Morris Woodford (1853-1927) British naturalist, Resident Commissioner in the Solomons Protectorate 1896-1914 (subsp. Accipiter albogularis, Corvus, subsp. Erythrura trichroa, Hypotaenidia, Ixobrychus).