Black-and-white Monjita / Xolmis dominicanus
Black-and-white Monjita
SCI Name:
Protonym: T[yrannus] dominicanus Tabl.Encyc.Meth.Orn. 2 livr.93 p.856
Taxonomy: Passeriformes / Tyrannidae / Xolmis
Taxonomy Code: bawmon3
Type Locality: Paraguay, south of 27° S. Lat.
Author: Vieillot
Publish Year: 1823
IUCN Status: Vulnerable
DEFINITIONS
XOLMIS
(Tyrannidae; Ϯ White Monjita X. irupero) I cannot find this name in my dictionaries, and David & Gosselin 2002b, list it as a word of unknown origin. It may be a misreading of “Xomotl” of Hernandez 1651: “De Xomotl ... Avis est dorso et alis desuper nigris, ac pectore fusco” (Aztec Xomotl waterbird, perhaps some sort of duck), or perhaps be based on an unrecorded Güaraní name (although not found under “Pepoaza” in de Azara 1802-1805, nos. 201, 202, 203); "X. Fam. Muscicapiadae Vigors. Muscicapa Lin. 2 ... 2 Ferner könnten als Gattungen abgesondert werden: Knipolegus für Musc. lophotes Tem. und cyaneirostris Vieill. Az. 181; die Peposaza [sic] Az. (Xolmis), die sich in der Lebensweise den Arten der Gattung Oenanthe nähern und die Queues-rares (Xenurus) desselben. Alle hieher zu stellende Vögel zeichnen sich durch rauhe Stimme und die Gewohnheit aus, auf zweyflüglige Insecten zu lauren, und dieselben im Fluge zu haschen. Sie fitzen vorzugsweise auf dürren Zweigen und Aesten" (Boie 1826); "Gattung Xolmis 2 Pepoazo Azar. Hieher aus America: 1. Muscicapa moesta Lichst. Az. [= X. irupero] 2. — vittigera Lichst. Azar. [= X. coronata] 3. — mystacalis Spix tab. 31. [= Fluvicola nengeta] 4. — velata Lichst. [= X. velata] 5. — bicolor Gm. [= Fluvicola pica] Die Lebensweise dieser weiß und schwarz gefärbten Vögel nähert sich der der Steinschmätzer (Vitiflora Briss.), an die sie sich auch durch die Vertheilung der Farben ihres Gefieders anschließen. ... 2. Ξολμις, Isis 1826 S. 975." (Boie 1828); "Xolmis Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 973; based on "die Pepoasza" [= Las Pepoazás] of Azara, 1805, Apuntamientos Hist. Nat. Páxaros Paraguay Rio Plata, 2, pp. 164-175. Type, by subsequent designation (Sclater, 1888, Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., 14, p. 10)1, T[aenioptera] irupero (Vieillot) = Tyrannus irupero Vieillot. ... 1 G. R. Gray (1840, List Genera Birds, p. 29) proposed "X[olmis] Nengeta (L.)" as type of Xolmis, but that species was not one of the six species included by Azara in his "Pepoazás," the sole basis of Boie's name Xolmis. Later, Boie (1828 Isis von Oken, col. 318) again used the name Xolmis, this time for five species, only three of which were among the original six. This time Boie quoted binomial names (taken from earlier authors) and by doing so he restricted the possible candidates for selection as types of the genus to these three." (Traylor in Peters 1979, VIII, 162).
Var. Xolmus.
Synon. Hemipenthica, Heteroxolmis, Hydrozetetes, Nengetus, Orsipus, Pepoaza, Pyrope, Taenioptera.
dominicanus
● Dominica, Lesser Antilles (syn. Butorides striata virescens, subsp. Myadestes genibarbis).
● Dominican, Jacobin, or Black Friars, in allusion to their black and white habits or robes (syn. Copsychus saularis (ex “Merle Dominiquain des Philippines” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 627, fig. 1, and “Dominican Thrush” of Latham 1783), Larus, Xolmis (ex "Pepoazá dominicana" of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 203).
Dominicanus
(Laridae; syn. Larus † Kelp Gull L. dominicanus) Specific name Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823; "II. Dominicanus. Mantelmöve. Der Rücken dunkelfarbig; Kopf und Hals im Sommer weiss, im Winter graubraun gefleckt. 2) marinus Linn.; maximus Brehm. ... 3) pelagicus Anglorum; dominicanus Licht.; marinus Linn. ... 4) vetula des Pariser Mus.; dominicanus Licht.; marinus Linn. ... 5) vociferus Anglor.; dominicus Licht.; marinus Linn. ... 6) fuscus Linn.; flavipes Meyer. ... 7) fuscescens Licht. ... 8) antipodus Gray. ... 9) cachinnans Pallas." (Bruch 1853); "Dominicanus Bruch, Journ. Orn., 1, p. 100, 1853—type, by tautonymy, Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 253).
Var. Domenicanus.
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)