Antillean Crested Hummingbird / Orthorhyncus cristatus
Antillean Crested Hummingbird
SCI Name:
Protonym: Trochilus cristatus Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.121
Taxonomy: Caprimulgiformes / Trochilidae / Orthorhyncus
Taxonomy Code: anchum1
Type Locality: America = West Indies ex Edwards, pi. 37, i.e. Barbados.
Author: Linnaeus
Publish Year: 1758
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
ORTHORHYNCUS
(Trochilidae; † Antillean Crested Hummingbird O. cristatus) Gr. ορθος orthos straight; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "QUINZIÈME ORDRE. Bec renflé. 58. MOUCHE. Orthorhyncus. {Le bec droit et renflé vers le bout." (de Lacépède 1799) (OD per Laurent Raty); "Orthorhyncus Lacépède, Tabl Ois., 1799, p. 9. Type, by subsequent designation, Trochilus cristatus Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 14.)" (Peters, 1945, V, p. 28) (see Orthorhynchus).
Var. Orthorynchus, Orthorincus, Orthorhincus, Orthorhynchus, Ortorhynchus.
Synon. Bellona, Larichos, Lepidolophia, Microlyssa, Smaragdites.
cristatum / cristatus
L. cristatus crested, plumed, tufted < crista crest, plume, tuft.
● ex “Quauhtzonecolin” of Hernandez 1651, “Coturnix indica” of Ray 1713, and “Caille hupée du Méxique” of Brisson 1760 (Colinus).
● ex “Figuier huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 391, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Crested Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Colopteryx galeatus).
● ex “Moineau de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 224, fig. 3, “Friquet huppé” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black-faced Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Coryphospingus cucullatus).
● ex “Drongo” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 166 (syn. Dicrurus forficatus).
● "43. LANIUS. ... cristatus. 1. L. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore rufescente, subtus fulvo fuscoque undulato. Lanius fulvus cristatus. Edw. av. 54. t. 54. Habitat in Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758). Edwards' 1747, “Crested Red or Russit Butcher-Bird,” is from a drawing of a dishevelled dead bird shown with a crest (Lanius).
● "100. PARUS. ... cristatus. 1. P. capite cristato. Fn. svec. 239. Parus cristatus. Gesn. av. 642. f. med. Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 20. Will. orn. 175. t. 43. Raj. av. 74. n. 6. Alb. av. 2. p. 53. t. 57. f. 2. Frisch. av. . . t. 14. f. 2. Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Lophophanes).
● ex "Tangara noir hupé de Cayenne" of Brisson 1760 (Loriotus).
● ex “Hoactzin” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Crax fuscus mexicanus” of Brisson 1760, “Faisan huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 337, “Hoazin” of de Buffon 1770-1782, and “Crested Pheasant” of Latham 1783 (syn. Opisthocomus hoazin).
● "60. TROCHILUS. ... cristatus. 17. T. rectirostris viridis, alis fuscis, abdomine cinereo, crista cærulescente. Mellivora minor cristata. Edw. av. 37. t. 37. Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Orthorhyncus).
● ex “Merula Sinensis cristata minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Otocompsa jocosa).
● "87. PAVO. ... cristatus. 1. P. capite crista erecta. Pavo cauda longa. Fn. svec. 163. Pavo. Gesn. av. 656. Aldr. orn. l. 13. c. 1. Jonst. av. 56. t. 22. Will. orn. 112. t. 27. Raj. av. 51. Habitat in India orientali, Zeylona. Mas remigibus primoribus ferrugineis, ejulans, vindicans, superbus, togam dorsalem gemmantibus ocellis, naturæ miraculo pictam erigendamque, tertio anno acquirit, qua nihil pulchrius, sub canicula dejicit. Femina curat pullos in proximas nuptias. Sambucci floribus occiditur." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pavo).
● "68. COLYMBUS. ... cristatus. 2. C. pedibus lobato-fissis, capite rufo, collari nigro, remigibus secundariis albis. Fn. svec. 122. Colymbus major cristatus s. cornutus. Gesn. av. 139. Aldr. ornith. l. 19. c. 52. Will. orn. 257. t. 61. Raj. av. 124. Marsil. danub. 80. t. 38. Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Podiceps).
● ex “Cassicus cristatus” of Brisson 1760, “Cassique huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 344, and “Crested Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Psarocolius decumanus).
● ex "Pluvier armé du Sénégal" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 800 (syn. Vanellus senegallus).
● "79. CHARADRIUS. ... cristatus. 1. C. gula pileo pectoreque nigris, occipite cristato, dorso testaceo, pedibus nigris. Pluvialis indicus, pectore nigro. Edw. av. 47. t. 47. Habitat in Persia. Simillimus est Tringæ Vanello." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Vanellus spinosus).
● ex “Vultur leporarius” of Gessner 1555, and Ray 1713, “Vultur cristatus” of Brisson 1760, “Vautour à aigrettes” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Hare Vulture” of Latham 1781 (unident.).
● see cristata
SUBSPECIES
Antillean Crested Hummingbird (Lesser Antilles)
SCI Name: Orthorhyncus cristatus exilis
exilis
L. exilis small, slender, thin < ex without; ile, ilis intestines.
● ex “Minute Bittern” (= ♀) and “Mexican Bittern” of Latham 1785 (Ixobrychus).
● ex “Hummingbird of a black colour” of Bancroft 1769, and “Little Humming Bird” of Latham 1782 (subsp. Orthorhyncus cristatus).
Antillean Crested Hummingbird (St. Vincent)
SCI Name: Orthorhyncus cristatus ornatus
ornatum / ornatus
L. ornatus ornate, adorned, decorated, splendid, embellished < ornare to adorn.
● ex “Choucador” of Levaillant 1801, pl. 86 (Lamprotornis).
● ex “Oiseau-mouche dit Hupecol de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 640, fig. 3 (Lophornis).
● ex “Oiseau-mouche dit Hupecol de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 640, fig. 3, “Hupecol” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Tufted-necked Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (syn. Lophornis ornatus).
● ex “Variegated Bee-eater” of Latham 1801 (Merops).
● ex “Aigle moyen de la Guiane” of Mauduyt de la Varenne 1784, and “Autour Huppé” of Levaillant 1798, pl. 26 (Spizaetus).
● "44. PSITTACUS. ... ornatus. 14. P. macrourus luteo-viridis, occipite gula pectoreque rubris, vertice auribusque cæruleis. Psittacus minor e coccineo viridis. Edw. av. 174. t. 174. Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Trichoglossus).
Antillean Crested Hummingbird (Barbados)
SCI Name: Orthorhyncus cristatus cristatus
cristatum / cristatus
L. cristatus crested, plumed, tufted < crista crest, plume, tuft.
● ex “Quauhtzonecolin” of Hernandez 1651, “Coturnix indica” of Ray 1713, and “Caille hupée du Méxique” of Brisson 1760 (Colinus).
● ex “Figuier huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 391, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Crested Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Colopteryx galeatus).
● ex “Moineau de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 224, fig. 3, “Friquet huppé” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black-faced Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Coryphospingus cucullatus).
● ex “Drongo” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 166 (syn. Dicrurus forficatus).
● "43. LANIUS. ... cristatus. 1. L. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore rufescente, subtus fulvo fuscoque undulato. Lanius fulvus cristatus. Edw. av. 54. t. 54. Habitat in Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758). Edwards' 1747, “Crested Red or Russit Butcher-Bird,” is from a drawing of a dishevelled dead bird shown with a crest (Lanius).
● "100. PARUS. ... cristatus. 1. P. capite cristato. Fn. svec. 239. Parus cristatus. Gesn. av. 642. f. med. Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 20. Will. orn. 175. t. 43. Raj. av. 74. n. 6. Alb. av. 2. p. 53. t. 57. f. 2. Frisch. av. . . t. 14. f. 2. Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Lophophanes).
● ex "Tangara noir hupé de Cayenne" of Brisson 1760 (Loriotus).
● ex “Hoactzin” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Crax fuscus mexicanus” of Brisson 1760, “Faisan huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 337, “Hoazin” of de Buffon 1770-1782, and “Crested Pheasant” of Latham 1783 (syn. Opisthocomus hoazin).
● "60. TROCHILUS. ... cristatus. 17. T. rectirostris viridis, alis fuscis, abdomine cinereo, crista cærulescente. Mellivora minor cristata. Edw. av. 37. t. 37. Habitat in America." (Linnaeus 1758) (Orthorhyncus).
● ex “Merula Sinensis cristata minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Otocompsa jocosa).
● "87. PAVO. ... cristatus. 1. P. capite crista erecta. Pavo cauda longa. Fn. svec. 163. Pavo. Gesn. av. 656. Aldr. orn. l. 13. c. 1. Jonst. av. 56. t. 22. Will. orn. 112. t. 27. Raj. av. 51. Habitat in India orientali, Zeylona. Mas remigibus primoribus ferrugineis, ejulans, vindicans, superbus, togam dorsalem gemmantibus ocellis, naturæ miraculo pictam erigendamque, tertio anno acquirit, qua nihil pulchrius, sub canicula dejicit. Femina curat pullos in proximas nuptias. Sambucci floribus occiditur." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pavo).
● "68. COLYMBUS. ... cristatus. 2. C. pedibus lobato-fissis, capite rufo, collari nigro, remigibus secundariis albis. Fn. svec. 122. Colymbus major cristatus s. cornutus. Gesn. av. 139. Aldr. ornith. l. 19. c. 52. Will. orn. 257. t. 61. Raj. av. 124. Marsil. danub. 80. t. 38. Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Podiceps).
● ex “Cassicus cristatus” of Brisson 1760, “Cassique huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 344, and “Crested Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Psarocolius decumanus).
● ex "Pluvier armé du Sénégal" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 800 (syn. Vanellus senegallus).
● "79. CHARADRIUS. ... cristatus. 1. C. gula pileo pectoreque nigris, occipite cristato, dorso testaceo, pedibus nigris. Pluvialis indicus, pectore nigro. Edw. av. 47. t. 47. Habitat in Persia. Simillimus est Tringæ Vanello." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Vanellus spinosus).
● ex “Vultur leporarius” of Gessner 1555, and Ray 1713, “Vultur cristatus” of Brisson 1760, “Vautour à aigrettes” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Hare Vulture” of Latham 1781 (unident.).
● see cristata
Antillean Crested Hummingbird (Grenadines and Grenada)
SCI Name: Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans
emigrans
L. emigrans, emigrantis migrating, moving < emigrare to emigrate, to depart.
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)