American Three-toed Woodpecker

SCI Name:  Picoides dorsalis
Protonym:  Picoides dorsalis Rep.Expl.Surv.RR.Pac. 9 p.xxviii,97,100
Taxonomy:  Piciformes / Picidae / Picoides
Taxonomy Code:  attwoo1
Type Locality:  Laramie Peak, Wyoming.
Author:  Baird, SF
Publish Year:  1858
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

PICOIDES
(Picidae; Ϯ Three-toed Woodpecker P. tridactylus) Genus Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling. The Three-toed Woodpecker was originally described by de Lacépède as being in an order (with Corvus, Coracias, Paradisea, Sitta, Buphaga) separate from the other woodpeckers in Order IV. “Comparative names.  ...  names, no less than the definitions of objects, should, where practicable, be drawn from positive and self-evident characters, and not from a comparison with other objects, which may be less known to the reader than the one before him ... The names Picoides ... Pseudoluscinia ... are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842); "ORDRE XI.  ...  46. PICOÏDE, Picoïdes.  Langue très-longue, extensible, ronde et garnie à son extrémité de petites pointes recourbées en arrière; chaque pied ne présentant que trois doigts" (de Lacépède 1799); "Picoïdes Lacépède, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 7. Type, by subsequent designation, Picus tridactylus Gmelin i.e. Picus tridactylus Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 54.)" (Peters 1948, VI, 215).
Synon. Apternus, Dryocolaptes, Pipodes, Tridactylia, Yungipicus.

picoides
Specific name Oriolus picus J. Gmelin, 1788; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "PICOID GRAKLE.  Gracula Picoides.  G. rufa, capite collo pectoreque albo maculatis, cauda subrotundata, rectricibus apice aculeatis.  ...  Oriolus Picus.  O. rufus, capite collo et pectore albo maculatis, cauda rotundata.  Lin. Gmel.  Le Talapiot.  Buff. ois.  Pl. Enl. 605.  Climbing Oriole.  Lath. syn.   ...    Native of Guiana, where it resides on trees, climbing in the manner of a Creeper or Woodpecker.  The straitness of the bill however, as Mr. Latham observes, prevents it being properly ranked with the Creepers, and the feet, being not formed in the same manner as in the Woodpeckers, equally prohibit it from being arranged under the genus Picus." (Shaw 1809) (syn. Xiphorhynchus picus).

dorsale / dorsalis
L. dorsalis (properly dorsualis)  dorsal, of the back  < dorsum  back.
● ex “Chorlito à dos noir” of de Buffon (Sonnini ed.) 1800-1802 (syn. Calidris melanotos).

SUBSPECIES

American Three-toed Woodpecker (Rocky Mts.)
SCI Name: Picoides dorsalis dorsalis
dorsale / dorsalis
L. dorsalis (properly dorsualis)  dorsal, of the back  < dorsum  back.
● ex “Chorlito à dos noir” of de Buffon (Sonnini ed.) 1800-1802 (syn. Calidris melanotos).

American Three-toed Woodpecker (Northwest)
SCI Name: Picoides dorsalis fasciatus
fasciatum / fasciatus
Late L. fasciatus banded  < L. fascia  band, stripe.
● ex “Calao Longibande” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 233 (Lophoceros).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à poitrine tachetée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 574, fig. 3 (Myiophobus).
● ex “Ynambuí” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 327 (syn. Nothura maculosa).
● ex “Merle des Moluques” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 257 (syn. Pitta moluccensis).
● ex “Gélinotte des Indes” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Pterocles indicus).

American Three-toed Woodpecker (Eastern)
SCI Name: Picoides dorsalis bacatus
bacatus
L. bacatus  adorned with pearls  < bacare  to adorn with pearls  < baca  pearl.